Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... 2000). In response to chemicals, including Suc and phytohormones, D-type cyclin (CYCD) is induced and binds to the A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) to form a CDKA/CYCD complex. An active form of this complex regulates three proteins, which are themselves in a complex, namely, E2 promoter bindin ...
... 2000). In response to chemicals, including Suc and phytohormones, D-type cyclin (CYCD) is induced and binds to the A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) to form a CDKA/CYCD complex. An active form of this complex regulates three proteins, which are themselves in a complex, namely, E2 promoter bindin ...
The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic
... Based on the degree of internal organization of their cells, two fundamentally distinct groups of organisms are now recognized: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes (pro, before; karyon, nucleus) are represented by the Archaea and Bacteria, including the cyanobacteria, and the eukaryotes (eu, ...
... Based on the degree of internal organization of their cells, two fundamentally distinct groups of organisms are now recognized: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes (pro, before; karyon, nucleus) are represented by the Archaea and Bacteria, including the cyanobacteria, and the eukaryotes (eu, ...
viability. Bacterial plasmolysis as a physical
... Biofilms containing a mixture of viable and heat-killed cells were prepared by reinoculating flow cells containing heat-killed cells with log-phase S. enteritidis cells. Similarly, biofilms containing a mixture of viable and formalin-killed cells were prepared by reinoculating flow cells containing ...
... Biofilms containing a mixture of viable and heat-killed cells were prepared by reinoculating flow cells containing heat-killed cells with log-phase S. enteritidis cells. Similarly, biofilms containing a mixture of viable and formalin-killed cells were prepared by reinoculating flow cells containing ...
The programme of cell death in plants and animals – A comparison
... stresses such as osmotic, oxidative (H2O2 and salicylic acid), temperature, salt, water, heavy metals, UV, nutrient deprivation, toxins, chemicals, etc. often undergo PCD10,27. This category of cells is commonly reported in animals as well as in plants. Here cell death is used as a defence against t ...
... stresses such as osmotic, oxidative (H2O2 and salicylic acid), temperature, salt, water, heavy metals, UV, nutrient deprivation, toxins, chemicals, etc. often undergo PCD10,27. This category of cells is commonly reported in animals as well as in plants. Here cell death is used as a defence against t ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... CD1d-mediated signals (21, 22). Clearly, there is considerable controversy surrounding the use of these LSD mouse models, and it will be important to independently assess these variables, as they have a major bearing on the interpretation of studies of NKT cell development and function using such mo ...
... CD1d-mediated signals (21, 22). Clearly, there is considerable controversy surrounding the use of these LSD mouse models, and it will be important to independently assess these variables, as they have a major bearing on the interpretation of studies of NKT cell development and function using such mo ...
Asymmetric Behavior in Stem Cells
... cells with bilateral symmetry appears to be oriented with respect to the sperm entry position [9, 10]. It has also been demonstrated that the cleavage axis for the first division can be predicted with high probability by the SEP markers [9]. Further, the daughter cell that receives the SEP marker al ...
... cells with bilateral symmetry appears to be oriented with respect to the sperm entry position [9, 10]. It has also been demonstrated that the cleavage axis for the first division can be predicted with high probability by the SEP markers [9]. Further, the daughter cell that receives the SEP marker al ...
Close-packed structure
... The crystal structure itself is obtained by associating one or more identical structural units (such as molecules or ions) with each lattice point. A unit cell of the crystal is an imaginary parallel-sided region (a ‘parallelepiped’) from which the entire crystal can be built up by purely translati ...
... The crystal structure itself is obtained by associating one or more identical structural units (such as molecules or ions) with each lattice point. A unit cell of the crystal is an imaginary parallel-sided region (a ‘parallelepiped’) from which the entire crystal can be built up by purely translati ...
Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication
... from reloading onto nascent DNA, as unauthorized loading can result in rereplication (Fujita et al., 1996; Tsuruga et al., 1997; Kearsey and Labib, 1998; Namdar and Kearsey, 2006). Distinct mechanisms have evolved to prevent MCM reloading during S phase in budding yeast and animals. In budding yeast ...
... from reloading onto nascent DNA, as unauthorized loading can result in rereplication (Fujita et al., 1996; Tsuruga et al., 1997; Kearsey and Labib, 1998; Namdar and Kearsey, 2006). Distinct mechanisms have evolved to prevent MCM reloading during S phase in budding yeast and animals. In budding yeast ...
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and function of the intestinal
... p16Ink and p19Arf (He et al., 2009). Bmi1 can also regulate other cell cycle proteins (Zencak et al., 2013). Several studies regarding Bmi1 in the intestine have been published. Reinisch et al. (2006) first recognized Bmi1 as a protein expressed in the stem cells, specialized cells, and tumors of th ...
... p16Ink and p19Arf (He et al., 2009). Bmi1 can also regulate other cell cycle proteins (Zencak et al., 2013). Several studies regarding Bmi1 in the intestine have been published. Reinisch et al. (2006) first recognized Bmi1 as a protein expressed in the stem cells, specialized cells, and tumors of th ...
CHAPTER 9 IMMUNOGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS
... and are considered to represent the results of class switching in these cells, the myeloma cells having gotten "stuck" during this process. 4) Membrane-bound versus secreted immunoglobulins. A virgin B-cell bears IgM (and possibly IgD) in its membrane; following stimulation it begins to secrete IgM ...
... and are considered to represent the results of class switching in these cells, the myeloma cells having gotten "stuck" during this process. 4) Membrane-bound versus secreted immunoglobulins. A virgin B-cell bears IgM (and possibly IgD) in its membrane; following stimulation it begins to secrete IgM ...
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple
... developmental events, it has limited specificity. Genetic cellablation methods use toxins or apoptosis-inducing genes that are expressed under the control of cell-type-specific promoters (Sweeney et al., 2012a). For example, reconstituted caspase expressed under mec-18 promoter has been shown to abl ...
... developmental events, it has limited specificity. Genetic cellablation methods use toxins or apoptosis-inducing genes that are expressed under the control of cell-type-specific promoters (Sweeney et al., 2012a). For example, reconstituted caspase expressed under mec-18 promoter has been shown to abl ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... ship between NBD-M-TMA⫹ concentration and detected fluorescence, we used a hemocytometer to trap a fixed (10 l) volume of the dye at various concentrations and captured images using this system. The average fluorescence intensity (U-MNB filter set) detected in each column of the CCD array for NBD-M ...
... ship between NBD-M-TMA⫹ concentration and detected fluorescence, we used a hemocytometer to trap a fixed (10 l) volume of the dye at various concentrations and captured images using this system. The average fluorescence intensity (U-MNB filter set) detected in each column of the CCD array for NBD-M ...
PDF - Walter Lab
... polymerization and inhibits endocytosis21. Lat A did not block the concentration of FM4-64 at eisosomes, but did prevent Abp1–GFP from assembling into cortical actin patches (Fig. 4a), thus indicating that the Lat A treatment was effective. In contrast to untreated cells, however, FM4-64 foci in Lat ...
... polymerization and inhibits endocytosis21. Lat A did not block the concentration of FM4-64 at eisosomes, but did prevent Abp1–GFP from assembling into cortical actin patches (Fig. 4a), thus indicating that the Lat A treatment was effective. In contrast to untreated cells, however, FM4-64 foci in Lat ...
A CDC45 Homolog in Arabidopsis Is Essential for Meiosis, as
... are associated with the degradation of the homologous endogenous RNA and are a hallmark of post-transcriptional gene silencing (Hamilton and Baulcombe, 1999; Waterhouse et al., 2001). Therefore, the presence of these small RNA fragments was analyzed in the CDC45 RNAi lines that had decreased levels ...
... are associated with the degradation of the homologous endogenous RNA and are a hallmark of post-transcriptional gene silencing (Hamilton and Baulcombe, 1999; Waterhouse et al., 2001). Therefore, the presence of these small RNA fragments was analyzed in the CDC45 RNAi lines that had decreased levels ...
Multi-lineage `stem` cells in the mammalian embryo
... Kimmel & Warga, 1987). Unfortunately, such cell labelling techniques are of rather limited value in mammalian embryos because of the rapidity with which the various molecules are diluted or degraded. It has therefore been necessary to rely mainly on the use of genes as cell markers in mammals. Until ...
... Kimmel & Warga, 1987). Unfortunately, such cell labelling techniques are of rather limited value in mammalian embryos because of the rapidity with which the various molecules are diluted or degraded. It has therefore been necessary to rely mainly on the use of genes as cell markers in mammals. Until ...
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
... Evolutionary perspective Proteins that make up the fibers are very similar in all living things ...
... Evolutionary perspective Proteins that make up the fibers are very similar in all living things ...
STAINING
... of producing spores don’t do so uniformly during their culture’s growth. Sporulation is done in response to nutrient depletion, and so is characteristic of older cultures. These two Bacillus cultures illustrate different degrees of sporulation. A Most cells in this specimen contain spores; very few ...
... of producing spores don’t do so uniformly during their culture’s growth. Sporulation is done in response to nutrient depletion, and so is characteristic of older cultures. These two Bacillus cultures illustrate different degrees of sporulation. A Most cells in this specimen contain spores; very few ...
The endocytic network in plants
... sucrose via fluid-phase endocytosis, and sucrose even acts as a signal for the induction of this endocytic pathway [47]. Furthermore, the combination of LY and FM4–64 has been used recently to identify autolysosomes in plant cells in culture [48]. Plant cells also undergo phagocytosis-like internali ...
... sucrose via fluid-phase endocytosis, and sucrose even acts as a signal for the induction of this endocytic pathway [47]. Furthermore, the combination of LY and FM4–64 has been used recently to identify autolysosomes in plant cells in culture [48]. Plant cells also undergo phagocytosis-like internali ...
Embryonic stem cell differentiation and the analysis of mammalian
... tent cell populations within the early embryo (ICM and primitive absence of MEDII in medium supplemented with LIF, pluripotence ectoderm), other evidence suggests that primitive ectoderm formais maintained and an ES cell morphology, gene expression and tion from ICM proceeds via temporally distinct ...
... tent cell populations within the early embryo (ICM and primitive absence of MEDII in medium supplemented with LIF, pluripotence ectoderm), other evidence suggests that primitive ectoderm formais maintained and an ES cell morphology, gene expression and tion from ICM proceeds via temporally distinct ...
Origin of Cancer: An Information, Energy, and Matter Disease
... mutations nor epigenetic aberrations (Mack et al., 2014; Versteeg, 2014). On the other hand, Martincorena and colleagues found thousands of mutations in cancer-relevant genes, including cancer-driver genes, in normal eyelid epidermis that rarely develop cancers (Martincorena et al., 2015). This find ...
... mutations nor epigenetic aberrations (Mack et al., 2014; Versteeg, 2014). On the other hand, Martincorena and colleagues found thousands of mutations in cancer-relevant genes, including cancer-driver genes, in normal eyelid epidermis that rarely develop cancers (Martincorena et al., 2015). This find ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... from sensory neurons to interneurons were consistent with a direct or possibly disynaptic pathway. Connections between interneurons appeared to be rare and hyperpolarization of individual interneurons during local bending produced small but reliable decrements in motor neuron response, suggesting th ...
... from sensory neurons to interneurons were consistent with a direct or possibly disynaptic pathway. Connections between interneurons appeared to be rare and hyperpolarization of individual interneurons during local bending produced small but reliable decrements in motor neuron response, suggesting th ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... spatial resolution, it affords an effective alternative to more commonly used techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, UV spectrometry, and traditional light microscopy staining techniques. The technique takes advantage of the fact that different types of molecular bonds differentially a ...
... spatial resolution, it affords an effective alternative to more commonly used techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, UV spectrometry, and traditional light microscopy staining techniques. The technique takes advantage of the fact that different types of molecular bonds differentially a ...