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to find the lecture notes for lecture 3 click here
to find the lecture notes for lecture 3 click here

... e.g Na/Ca antiporter – opposite direction for Na and Ca movement – primary transport establishes high [Na] outside the cell – this concentration gradient creates potential energy which is stored by the antiporter pump - as Na leaks back in – this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy whi ...
Wet Mount Proficiency Test 2008B
Wet Mount Proficiency Test 2008B

... Item 5: Artifact: This is a pollen granule. It is larger than an entire squamous epithelial cell so it should not be confused with other cellular elements such as WBC or trichomonas. Item 6: Bacteria: The bacteria shown in this slide are characteristic of lactobacilli, which is normal flora in wome ...
Miss Bitton`s Plant Cell 3
Miss Bitton`s Plant Cell 3

... 1. Get, make or use something as an outside, hard, edible covering for your cell. This outside covering is the cell wall. Cell wall is the stiff outer structure that surrounds the cell membrane of all plant cells. It keeps the cell rigid, helping the entire plant keep its shape. 2. Right inside the ...
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I. Cell Components

... which have DNA or RNA packaged. Some viruses contain envelopes, and even spikes. Some viruses carry their own enzyme for replication (e.g. vaccinia virus). ...
Cell City Analogy - IHMC Public Cmaps (3)
Cell City Analogy - IHMC Public Cmaps (3)

...  The vacuoles are like water towers. They store substances, such as water, for use later.  The protein is like the citizens of the country. The citizens are sent all over the country and help make many different things.  As you can tell, there are many ways that you can say a cell is like a count ...
Structure and Function in Living Systems Chapter 8: Systems in
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...  Animals live where they can find protection and materials  Organisms are found everywhere, and have structures that allow ...
Physical Oceanography
Physical Oceanography

... Na+ and K+ into and out of cells….important in nerve and muscle cells to keep this “firing” and sending messages! • 2. Proton Pump—in photosynthesis…pumps H+ (from water splitting) across chloroplast membrane to ...
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SOME SUMMARY INFORMATION ON ORGANELLES Plasma (cell

... Acts like the Post Office: Sorts, packages, modifies proteins for delivery to their sites of action Releases secretory vesicles Vesicles Endocytosis = entrance of substances into cell (e.g. phagocytosis, pinocytosis) Exocytosis = release of substances from cell (e.g. neurotransmitters) Lysosomes Str ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... ANS: C, Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is produced during fetal life in both the atrial and ventricular cells of the heart. After birth, the ANF gene remains active only in the atrium, but can be activated in ventricular cells undergoing hypertrophy. Arterial hypertension is the most common cause o ...
Cell Transport Notes:
Cell Transport Notes:

...  There are two types of transport that cells carry out: PASSIVE and ACTIVE 1. PASSIVE TRANSPORT:  When small particles move from a high to a low concentration, it is called passive transport. This is the normal flow of materials.  There are two types of passive transport. Osmosis is when water is ...
Introduction to Cells
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... What type of membrane molecules are responsible for cell-to-cell communication? Carbohydrate chains act like lipids “ID tags.” Different cell types have different kinds of proteins carbohydrate chains on their surfaces. phospholipids carbohydrates ...
Review Game - WordPress.com
Review Game - WordPress.com

... viruses in Biology class, Sam decides to have his cat vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. According to cell theory, are viruses, such as feline leukemia, considered living things? Why? ...
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... Both types of cells have cell membranes , ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm Cytoplasm AND Organelles The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is called cytoplasm. It is made up of mostly water and salt. • Cytoplasm is present within the cell membrane of all cell types and contains all organelles and cell part ...
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... Read the questions below, circle your answer choice and explain the reasoning &/or calculations that led to your answer choice. Use any or all of the lines in the last column for your explanations/calculations - you may use all five if you need to, since you have already circled your answer choice i ...
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3 - Mitosis activity (recovered)

... the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve and disappear, centrioles from opposite sides of the cell form spindle fibres (yarn) to attach to centromeres of chromosomes. During metaphase the spindle fibres tug the double-stranded chromosomes into a line across the middle of the cell. During anaphase the ...
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... • All organisms are made of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic unit of life in all living things. • All cells come from existing cells. ...
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CHAPTER 2: CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE 2.1 What is a cell

... Every cell structure performs a function for the cell. The function of a chloroplast is to carry out photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Only cells that contain chloroplasts can carry out photosynthesis. The cells in a plant root for example, cannot carry out photosynthesis. The nucleus can c ...
Cell Division Homework #2
Cell Division Homework #2

... ______25. Sister chromatids are attached to one another at an area called the: (A) spindle fiber (B) centriole (C) centromere (D) cleavage furrow (E) microtubule. ______26. Uncontrolled cell division results in: (A) a much bigger organism that never begins (D) too much cytokinesis. ...
Cell Analogy Poster Project
Cell Analogy Poster Project

... Background Information: An analogy is a comparison between two things, which are similar in some ways, but different in other ways. An analogy is a way of learning about something complex by comparing it point by point with something else that is more familiar to us. Analogies are often used to expl ...
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Cellular Injury and Responses to stress
Cellular Injury and Responses to stress

... • Metaplasia is a “reversible” change in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type. • New epithelium is better in dealing with the current stress or irritation. • Persistence of factors causing metaplasia may lead to progression into malignant tr ...
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Mitosis

... During interphase, cells do the tasks that they are designed to do. For example, pancreas islet cells produce and release insulin into the blood stream during interphase. Interphase can be divided into three stages: 1) Gap 1, usually the longest stage during which proteins are made and the cytoplasm ...
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... The surfaces of most animal cells contain cell junctions, structures that connect cells together into tissues, allowing them to function in a coordinated way. THE NUCLEUS AND RIBOSOMES: GENETIC CONTROL OF THE CELL ...
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... The Incredible Cell Analogy Project Cells need to carry on the same basic functions as we do to sustain life; the difference is cells do this with much smaller parts. These smaller structures that allow the cell to function are called organelles – “tiny organs.” Also plant and animal cells have some ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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