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Diffusion
Diffusion

... cell energy (ATP). – Cells live in a liquid environment which makes it easier for materials (food, water, gases) to move in & out of the cell. – 2 types: Osmosis & facilitated diffusion ...
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

... Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. A typical eukaryotic cell is shown in Figure 1.2. Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells, and they are found mainly in multicellular organisms. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to p ...
2.4: Protista: The Unicellular Eukaryotes pg. 72 Key Terms: Protist
2.4: Protista: The Unicellular Eukaryotes pg. 72 Key Terms: Protist

... - feeds on tiny bacteria or yeast cells ...
Reading Cellular Boundaries Name Period All cells contain cell
Reading Cellular Boundaries Name Period All cells contain cell

... taking material into the cell through infoldings, or pockets and moving them into the cell via vesicles. Large molecules, clumps of food, and whole cells can be taken up this way. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which extensions of the cytoplasm surrounds the particle and engulfs it. Amoeba ...
• B2.1.1 Cells and cell structure • B2.1.2 Dissolved substances No
• B2.1.1 Cells and cell structure • B2.1.2 Dissolved substances No

... the gut and the tubes into the lungs. They are  specialised to release and move mucus. Helps food  slide down easily in the gut and helps trap dirt and  bacteria before they enter the lungs. The cilia cells  help move the mucus especially in the lungs. Cilia cells  have lots of mitochondria.  ...
The Plasma Membrane
The Plasma Membrane

... Na+/K+ pump, a difference in charge exists across membrane = voltage  in resting state all plasma membranes have resting membrane potential of -50 to -100mV (-) sign indicates inside of cell (-) compared to outside  so we say all cells are polarized ...
Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses and Bacteria

... • Can adapt to changing environments. ...
A chef peels several cloves of garlic for use in a recipe. The chef
A chef peels several cloves of garlic for use in a recipe. The chef

... A chef peels several cloves of garlic for use in a recipe. The chef puts the peeled garlic in a plastic bag and places the bag in the refrigerator. Several hours later, the chef opens the refrigerator and observes a strong smell of garlic. Through what process were molecules able to pass through the ...
Chapter 7: Cell Structure
Chapter 7: Cell Structure

... • A eukaryote is an organism made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. All multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells. • The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found in an internal compartment of the cell called the nucleus. • All eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. An organelle is a ...
cell counting - Bio-Rad
cell counting - Bio-Rad

... In the first method, cell counts were determined using the TC10 automated cell counter in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.). Duplicate 10 µl samples of stained hemolymph were transferred to the two chambers of a Bio-Rad counting slide. The slide was inserte ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... +ions outside are predominately Na+ *most neurons in the body are excited by neurotransmitters released by other neurons. Nerve impulses along unmyelinated fibers: When neurons are excited the permeability properties of the plasma membrane change for a brief period. Normally Na+ cannot diffuse throu ...
Organelle stations
Organelle stations

... Composed  of  a  bi-­‐layer  of  phospholipids  with  proteins   embedded  in  it   Func*on   •  holds  cell  together  and  gives  shape   •  regulates  the  movement  of  substances  in  and  out  of   the  cell   ...
Cells: The Basic Unit of Life
Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

... • Began with the invention of the lens in the 1600s • Robert Hooke – First person to observe cells – Used cork (dead plant cells) ...
Transport thru the Cell Membrane
Transport thru the Cell Membrane

... Water concentration inside the cells is equal to the water concentration in the fluid surrounding the cell. Therefore, there is no net movement of water either into or out of the cell. ...
Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

... 3. They both have ribosomes . 4. They have similar basic metabolism . 5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms. 6. cell wall, cell membrane 7. characteristics of life ...
S2 Final Exam Review Guide
S2 Final Exam Review Guide

... its own vocabulary, so you should identify words and terms used to represent specific concepts. Treat them as you would a foreign language. Make flash cards for frequent drills, and try to use these words whenever you are studying the subject. 3. Studying in groups can be a helpful way to prepa ...
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue - WKC Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue - WKC Anatomy and Physiology

... 12) In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of _____ across the membrane. a) b) c) d) e) ...
Innate Immune Response
Innate Immune Response

... • Set of proteins produced by virally infected cells to limit the spread of viral infections, by inducing a state of resistance in healthy cells. • Induced by viruses, bacteria and other signals from the immune system ...
Chapter 7: Structure and Function - Summary
Chapter 7: Structure and Function - Summary

... Egg is the largest cell in the body, and can be seen without the aid of a microscope. MOST CELLS ARE SMALL FOR TWO REASONS: A. Cells are limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume. A SMALL CELL HAS MORE SURFACE AREA THAN A LARGE CELL FOR A GIVEN VOLUME OF CYTOPLAS ...
Extrinsic factors in cellular differentiation
Extrinsic factors in cellular differentiation

... Okada (1991). Rather, the remainder of the article will be devoted to considering additional examples of changes in cell state that do not feature in this review. Many of the established systems for studyingtransdifferentiation do not lend themselves readily to detailed analysis of the phenomenon. O ...
First Semester Exam Review (Word Doc)
First Semester Exam Review (Word Doc)

... Recognize that protein synthesis is made up of two parts Understand the process of Transcription, where it occurs, and what is produced  Describe the functions of the three types of RNA  Understand the process of translation including the role of tRNA, where it occurs, and what is produced  Label ...
March 30 - Session 2 - Panel 6
March 30 - Session 2 - Panel 6

... To study global impact of virus infection on host gene expression. To discover cellular regulatory pathways targeted by viruses. To identify new cellular targets for antiviral therapy. To develop vaccines To make new discoveries How can we modulate the host if we don’t have a deep understanding of i ...
cell membrane
cell membrane

... between the external cell environment and the internal cell environment. • By regulating the environment, the PM keeps the materials needed for growth and reproduction inside the cell and determines what and when other materials should be allowed to enter the cell. • Molecules cross the plasma membr ...
chapter 10 section 2 notes
chapter 10 section 2 notes

... The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specific number of ...
Apoptosis in oral lichen planus - BORA
Apoptosis in oral lichen planus - BORA

... Apoptotic cell death may be a contributory cause of basal cell destruction in oral lichen planus (OLP). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of apoptosis in OLP and the expression of two proteins (FasR and FasL) regulating this process. Biopsies from 18 patients with hist ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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