some recent trends in grammaticalization
... only object pronouns but other relationships also could be “indexed” in the verb in a way that strikingly recalled more exotic languages. For example, in Elle n’y a encore pas voyagé, ta cousine, en Afrique, “Your cousin has never traveled to Africa” (7:154), the subject ta cousine and the locative ...
... only object pronouns but other relationships also could be “indexed” in the verb in a way that strikingly recalled more exotic languages. For example, in Elle n’y a encore pas voyagé, ta cousine, en Afrique, “Your cousin has never traveled to Africa” (7:154), the subject ta cousine and the locative ...
Context-Free Grammars for English
... single NP arg within the VP as an argument, and a single NP arg as the subject. ...
... single NP arg within the VP as an argument, and a single NP arg as the subject. ...
the syntax of lexical reciprocal constructions
... and a dyadic construction which creates a symmetric situation by placing one participant in a subject NP and another in a comitative phrase (also with the corresponding loss of an object). I show that the syntax of these constructions in Swahili (as well as in many other languages) can be understood ...
... and a dyadic construction which creates a symmetric situation by placing one participant in a subject NP and another in a comitative phrase (also with the corresponding loss of an object). I show that the syntax of these constructions in Swahili (as well as in many other languages) can be understood ...
Grammaticalization as Prototype
... Theme: "Prototype" is a central notion in typology and cognitive linguistics, two disciplines closely related to grammaticalization theory in many respects. Yet there has been only sporadic reflection so far on the potential role of prototypes in grammaticalization research. One possible approach is ...
... Theme: "Prototype" is a central notion in typology and cognitive linguistics, two disciplines closely related to grammaticalization theory in many respects. Yet there has been only sporadic reflection so far on the potential role of prototypes in grammaticalization research. One possible approach is ...
A construction based analysis of child directed speech Thea Cameron-Faulkner
... questions of the type “Are you . . . ” and no other auxiliaries, would we really expect children to use more auxiliaries of other types, for example, is, have, and does? A much more realistic expectation is that children acquire the particular words and phrases they are exposed to—given that this ex ...
... questions of the type “Are you . . . ” and no other auxiliaries, would we really expect children to use more auxiliaries of other types, for example, is, have, and does? A much more realistic expectation is that children acquire the particular words and phrases they are exposed to—given that this ex ...
Pilot study - Angus B. Grieve
... According to Hopper and Traugott (1993), although grammaticization was first named by Meillet (1912), some of the processes involved were described by Humboldt (1825). In relating lexical diffusion and grammaticization, Bybee and Thompson (1997) make a distinction between “token frequency,” which is ...
... According to Hopper and Traugott (1993), although grammaticization was first named by Meillet (1912), some of the processes involved were described by Humboldt (1825). In relating lexical diffusion and grammaticization, Bybee and Thompson (1997) make a distinction between “token frequency,” which is ...
Journal of Language Modelling 1
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
BASIC SENTENCE PARTS
... The Guide to Grammar and Writing is sponsored by the Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation. If you feel we have provided something of value and wish to show your appreciation, you can assist t ...
... The Guide to Grammar and Writing is sponsored by the Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation. If you feel we have provided something of value and wish to show your appreciation, you can assist t ...
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
1 The syntax/morphology interface Heidi Harley, University of
... This is a small sampling of the kinds of patterns that an adequate theory of the morphology/syntax interface must account for in the derivational realm. It is usually the case that the choice of derivational structure is optional in the way that lexical choices are optional; if a Hiaki speaker decid ...
... This is a small sampling of the kinds of patterns that an adequate theory of the morphology/syntax interface must account for in the derivational realm. It is usually the case that the choice of derivational structure is optional in the way that lexical choices are optional; if a Hiaki speaker decid ...
Ontology lexica and automatic grammar generation
... Semantics by reference (McCrae et al. 2012) Lexicon and ontology are clearly separated. The meaning of lexical entries is specified by pointing to elements in the ontology. ...
... Semantics by reference (McCrae et al. 2012) Lexicon and ontology are clearly separated. The meaning of lexical entries is specified by pointing to elements in the ontology. ...
course reader
... In (11a) the premodifying NP can refer to the nationality of the teacher in which case it is an adjunct or the subject taught in which case it is a complement and the difference between them is made explicit in the tree-diagram associated with the two interpretations. Similarly, in (11b) the premodi ...
... In (11a) the premodifying NP can refer to the nationality of the teacher in which case it is an adjunct or the subject taught in which case it is a complement and the difference between them is made explicit in the tree-diagram associated with the two interpretations. Similarly, in (11b) the premodi ...
Grammar Enrichment
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunctio ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunctio ...
handout - LanguageLink
... Reciprocity lies at the very root of social organization and ethics. (→ interesting for may disciplines) An enormous semantic complexity is expressed by a simple clause or sentence. → great variety of solutions; Are the forms and patterns of mutuality and exchange discussed in biology and sociology ...
... Reciprocity lies at the very root of social organization and ethics. (→ interesting for may disciplines) An enormous semantic complexity is expressed by a simple clause or sentence. → great variety of solutions; Are the forms and patterns of mutuality and exchange discussed in biology and sociology ...
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to
... Ritter (1992) propose a lexical semantics for caused motion constructions, but do not discuss the syntax. A very sketchy account is given in Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1995, 188). Ramchand (2008, 116, (21)) has a non-smallclause analysis of some cases (like Alex danced the puppet over the bridge), b ...
... Ritter (1992) propose a lexical semantics for caused motion constructions, but do not discuss the syntax. A very sketchy account is given in Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1995, 188). Ramchand (2008, 116, (21)) has a non-smallclause analysis of some cases (like Alex danced the puppet over the bridge), b ...
5602 - Radboud Repository
... this a u th o r suggests that sentences are coded in terms of their deep structures instead of their surface forms, it might again be due to the verbatim recall task that subjects are forced into creating such codes. T h ey may have little relation to what a subject normally abstracts from a sentenc ...
... this a u th o r suggests that sentences are coded in terms of their deep structures instead of their surface forms, it might again be due to the verbatim recall task that subjects are forced into creating such codes. T h ey may have little relation to what a subject normally abstracts from a sentenc ...
AGREEMENT IN ITALIAN IMPERSONAL SI CONSTRUCTIONS: A
... languages, such as Romanian, which doesn’t have Nominative clitics but has si constructions. In minimalist terms, however, one wonders why if there is a theta-position available for a DP and if there is exactly one DP present in the numeration, namely si, one should merge si in a non-theta-position ...
... languages, such as Romanian, which doesn’t have Nominative clitics but has si constructions. In minimalist terms, however, one wonders why if there is a theta-position available for a DP and if there is exactly one DP present in the numeration, namely si, one should merge si in a non-theta-position ...
Fulltext: english,
... two predicates being semantically stronger than with the depictive – applying to the direct object or intransitive subject such that the verb expresses an activity or achievement, whereas secondary predication expresses the end result of a change of state. The VP's complement structure is not determ ...
... two predicates being semantically stronger than with the depictive – applying to the direct object or intransitive subject such that the verb expresses an activity or achievement, whereas secondary predication expresses the end result of a change of state. The VP's complement structure is not determ ...
A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute
... language may receive a strong causal or concessive nuance, ACs still basically denote a point or period in time. Because the head nouns do not have any temporal semantics, they cannot fulfil this function on their own and need to be ‘put into time’, so to speak, by the accompanying attribute (usuall ...
... language may receive a strong causal or concessive nuance, ACs still basically denote a point or period in time. Because the head nouns do not have any temporal semantics, they cannot fulfil this function on their own and need to be ‘put into time’, so to speak, by the accompanying attribute (usuall ...
Wordsmith long-term plans - ActiveLearn Primary support
... Adjectives Using suffixes 1 (-ful and -less) Compound nouns ...
... Adjectives Using suffixes 1 (-ful and -less) Compound nouns ...
Phrases and Clauses - Manhasset Public Schools
... Two kinds of clauses (both have subject and predicate): Independent Clause: A clause (subject and predicate) that makes sense on its own; it does not require additional information to complete a thought. the fast sports car crashed the dog sat under the table Tom was understanding ...
... Two kinds of clauses (both have subject and predicate): Independent Clause: A clause (subject and predicate) that makes sense on its own; it does not require additional information to complete a thought. the fast sports car crashed the dog sat under the table Tom was understanding ...
The rise of the periphrastic perfect tense in the continental West
... reading should be seen as a (possibly pragmatically motivated) extension of the genuine state reading. That passive-like constructions may not involve verbal participles is also suggested by the fact that Old-Germanic passive participles regularly agree with the subject of the clause, which should b ...
... reading should be seen as a (possibly pragmatically motivated) extension of the genuine state reading. That passive-like constructions may not involve verbal participles is also suggested by the fact that Old-Germanic passive participles regularly agree with the subject of the clause, which should b ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
... Another important fact is illustrated by this example (Fig.4): Here, harmonic coherence is the result of two factors: the overarching structural relationships between the chords and the locally well formed voice-leading that connects the structurally, but indirectly related, adjacent chords. In this ...
... Another important fact is illustrated by this example (Fig.4): Here, harmonic coherence is the result of two factors: the overarching structural relationships between the chords and the locally well formed voice-leading that connects the structurally, but indirectly related, adjacent chords. In this ...
Document
... as possible should be associated with a single form in the mental lexicon and as many as possible readings should be derived from these. The reason suggested for this is that if one reading is a motivated extension of another, than only the one ought to be recorded inasmuch as the other can be left ...
... as possible should be associated with a single form in the mental lexicon and as many as possible readings should be derived from these. The reason suggested for this is that if one reading is a motivated extension of another, than only the one ought to be recorded inasmuch as the other can be left ...
Modeling Complex Sentences for parsing through Marathi Link
... called as planarity. A parsing system has been developed to capture many phenomenon of English grammar by providing roughly seven hundred definitions that includes the word of the language and their linking requirements and an algorithm [8] for parsing sentences according to the given grammar. A giv ...
... called as planarity. A parsing system has been developed to capture many phenomenon of English grammar by providing roughly seven hundred definitions that includes the word of the language and their linking requirements and an algorithm [8] for parsing sentences according to the given grammar. A giv ...