The linguistic construction of space in Ewe
... spatial construction in Ewe are introduced and further clarifications are given for the goals of the study. This is followed by a description of the adpositions. Sections 4 and 5 deal with Ewe postpositions and prepositions respectively. Section 6 investigates the semantics of the spatial predicate ...
... spatial construction in Ewe are introduced and further clarifications are given for the goals of the study. This is followed by a description of the adpositions. Sections 4 and 5 deal with Ewe postpositions and prepositions respectively. Section 6 investigates the semantics of the spatial predicate ...
Reviewing the Binary Branching Hypothesis
... This form of VP construction appears to solve the problem of the binding of anaphors that has been stated earlier. Because in structure (22a) the NP Sarah occupies the specifier position of the VP, the anaphor herself is asymmetrically c-commanded. In structure (22b), herself and Sarah have swapped ...
... This form of VP construction appears to solve the problem of the binding of anaphors that has been stated earlier. Because in structure (22a) the NP Sarah occupies the specifier position of the VP, the anaphor herself is asymmetrically c-commanded. In structure (22b), herself and Sarah have swapped ...
A typology of split conjunction
... ideal rather than the common situation, because in most instances of coordination one of the conjuncts is usually more prominent than the other. In my view, the underlying asymmetry of coordinative structures is inherited from the conceptual asymmetry characterizing the essence and core of conjuncti ...
... ideal rather than the common situation, because in most instances of coordination one of the conjuncts is usually more prominent than the other. In my view, the underlying asymmetry of coordinative structures is inherited from the conceptual asymmetry characterizing the essence and core of conjuncti ...
A Lexical Theory of Phrasal Idioms
... between the syntactic plasticity of an idiom and its semantic compositionality.3 In footnote 2 above, we mentioned that kick of kick the bucket does not passivize, whereas give of give up the ghost shows some signs of passivizing. We noted above that these expressions convey roughly the same meanin ...
... between the syntactic plasticity of an idiom and its semantic compositionality.3 In footnote 2 above, we mentioned that kick of kick the bucket does not passivize, whereas give of give up the ghost shows some signs of passivizing. We noted above that these expressions convey roughly the same meanin ...
The meaning of the English present participle
... This distributional argument for treating gerunds and participles as categorially distinct clause structures has been questioned (Huddleston & Pullum 2002). It is true that there is a certain circularity in justifying the gerund-participle distinction on distributional properties alone. For example ...
... This distributional argument for treating gerunds and participles as categorially distinct clause structures has been questioned (Huddleston & Pullum 2002). It is true that there is a certain circularity in justifying the gerund-participle distinction on distributional properties alone. For example ...
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
... an ordered list of the form of the word and the large AVM. Ordered lists are represented with angled brackets (< >). At the top we have word, which tells us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we have the SYN feature whose value is described by the AVM containing the HEAD, S ...
... an ordered list of the form of the word and the large AVM. Ordered lists are represented with angled brackets (< >). At the top we have word, which tells us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we have the SYN feature whose value is described by the AVM containing the HEAD, S ...
1 Possessive voice in Wolof: A rara type of valency operator 1
... monovalent verb gaaw ‘to be fast’. In (14)b., the same verb gaaw contains an additional morpheme, the suffix –le. The same participant woto bi occurs with the same semantic role of patient. However, a new argument Sàmba is introduced in the sentence. Thus, the derivation –le changes the grammatical ...
... monovalent verb gaaw ‘to be fast’. In (14)b., the same verb gaaw contains an additional morpheme, the suffix –le. The same participant woto bi occurs with the same semantic role of patient. However, a new argument Sàmba is introduced in the sentence. Thus, the derivation –le changes the grammatical ...
A Theory of Generative Grammar
... What this means is that the highest phrase structures in the tree representation are identified and used before lower ones, and the left-most substructures are completed first. This top-down, leftedge generation makes it possible to use the existing structure to guide the production of later structu ...
... What this means is that the highest phrase structures in the tree representation are identified and used before lower ones, and the left-most substructures are completed first. This top-down, leftedge generation makes it possible to use the existing structure to guide the production of later structu ...
The Alpino Dependency Treebank
... al. 1999), that was used in the Dutch public transportation information system, but both lexicon and grammar have been extensively modified and extended. The lexicon contains about 100,000 entries at this moment. More than 130 different verbal subcategorization frames are distinguished. Lexical info ...
... al. 1999), that was used in the Dutch public transportation information system, but both lexicon and grammar have been extensively modified and extended. The lexicon contains about 100,000 entries at this moment. More than 130 different verbal subcategorization frames are distinguished. Lexical info ...
Argument Strurcture and Semantic Change
... and continue until the present day. In accordance with the research aims stated above, we examine only those cases of the word babysit that display a change in AS but not in meaning. Specifically, we look at the nonprepositional use of babysit, e.g. (1a), and the use of babysit for followed by an ob ...
... and continue until the present day. In accordance with the research aims stated above, we examine only those cases of the word babysit that display a change in AS but not in meaning. Specifically, we look at the nonprepositional use of babysit, e.g. (1a), and the use of babysit for followed by an ob ...
Full Text - Institute for Logic, Language and Computation
... predicate logic will be discussed in more detail in section 2. The principle of compositionality is a well-known issue in philosophy of language, in particular it is the fundamental principle of Montague Grammar. The discussions in philosophy of language will be reviewed in several sections of this ...
... predicate logic will be discussed in more detail in section 2. The principle of compositionality is a well-known issue in philosophy of language, in particular it is the fundamental principle of Montague Grammar. The discussions in philosophy of language will be reviewed in several sections of this ...
Chapter 4 Extragrammatical expression of
... other categories (especially crucial is the boundary with epistemic modality, cf. Chapter 8), Aikhenvald (2003a: 18–20; 2004) prototypically applies the notion of evidentiality strategy to those grammatical phenomena that, even though belonging to modality, mood and other grammatical categories, do ...
... other categories (especially crucial is the boundary with epistemic modality, cf. Chapter 8), Aikhenvald (2003a: 18–20; 2004) prototypically applies the notion of evidentiality strategy to those grammatical phenomena that, even though belonging to modality, mood and other grammatical categories, do ...
this PDF file - Journal of Language Modelling
... attachment may require context and linguistic intuition. For example, in the sentence she opens the door with the key, the key is more likely perceived as an instrument used to open the door, rather than it being a feature of the door. Nevertheless, as Chantree (2004, pp. 2) pointed out, “the decisi ...
... attachment may require context and linguistic intuition. For example, in the sentence she opens the door with the key, the key is more likely perceived as an instrument used to open the door, rather than it being a feature of the door. Nevertheless, as Chantree (2004, pp. 2) pointed out, “the decisi ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
... We will look at two slightly different ways of making this precise, both due to Wilfrid Hodges. The first is a simplification of Montague’s syntactic algebra approach. The second is even more general (and simpler), in terms of so-called constituent structures. Both build on intuitively clear ideas o ...
... We will look at two slightly different ways of making this precise, both due to Wilfrid Hodges. The first is a simplification of Montague’s syntactic algebra approach. The second is even more general (and simpler), in terms of so-called constituent structures. Both build on intuitively clear ideas o ...
Negative quantification and existential sentences
... Meulen, 1987) cannot occur in averbal clauses, cf. (14), analogously to what is observed in there–constructions. The data in (14) show that the definiteness effect is replicated in averbal clauses. It has to be noted that the frequency with which the negative constructions exemplified in (1) and (2) ...
... Meulen, 1987) cannot occur in averbal clauses, cf. (14), analogously to what is observed in there–constructions. The data in (14) show that the definiteness effect is replicated in averbal clauses. It has to be noted that the frequency with which the negative constructions exemplified in (1) and (2) ...
Context in Semantics
... normal way. But no one would deem an utterance of (7) false if, contrary to default assumptions, they discovered that John ingested breakfast in some non-standard way, such as being spoon fed. So the manner of eating is no part of the intuitive truthconditions of (7), but is rather pragmatically co ...
... normal way. But no one would deem an utterance of (7) false if, contrary to default assumptions, they discovered that John ingested breakfast in some non-standard way, such as being spoon fed. So the manner of eating is no part of the intuitive truthconditions of (7), but is rather pragmatically co ...
- Goldsmiths Research Online
... meaning, however, these multiword constructions are not filling cells in otherwise inflectional paradigms in the narrow sense described above, and so it isn’t immediately obvious what the relationship between features expressed periphrastically and those expressed inflectionally should be. Let’s for ...
... meaning, however, these multiword constructions are not filling cells in otherwise inflectional paradigms in the narrow sense described above, and so it isn’t immediately obvious what the relationship between features expressed periphrastically and those expressed inflectionally should be. Let’s for ...
THE CATEGORY OF THE CONJUNCTION IN CATEGORIAL
... should include. After that, I shall comment on some proposals which have been made in the Categorial Grammar literature. Next, a new categorial type will be proposed and some examples of its application to natural language phenomena will be shown. ...
... should include. After that, I shall comment on some proposals which have been made in the Categorial Grammar literature. Next, a new categorial type will be proposed and some examples of its application to natural language phenomena will be shown. ...
TWO CLASSES OF DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS: THE ROLE OF
... EPP-features (on T or vCAUS), while the direct object checks abstract Case on vCAUS (Anagnostopoulou 1999a, 1999b building on Alexiadou & Anagnostopoulou 1998, 2001). In this approach, double object constructions of the Icelandic type differ from double object constructions of the English type in th ...
... EPP-features (on T or vCAUS), while the direct object checks abstract Case on vCAUS (Anagnostopoulou 1999a, 1999b building on Alexiadou & Anagnostopoulou 1998, 2001). In this approach, double object constructions of the Icelandic type differ from double object constructions of the English type in th ...
Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics
... worthwhile, also attend carefully to the level of form. However, within the family of functional approaches to understanding language, the theory that is used by both Sydney and Cardiff grammarians is also systemic. In formal grammars language is often presented as having at its core a set of ‘re-wr ...
... worthwhile, also attend carefully to the level of form. However, within the family of functional approaches to understanding language, the theory that is used by both Sydney and Cardiff grammarians is also systemic. In formal grammars language is often presented as having at its core a set of ‘re-wr ...
15_chapter 5
... that make up sentences. The result may be used as input to a process of semantic interpretation. The output of parsing is something logically equivalent to a tree, displaying dominance and precedence relations between constituents of a sentence. The study of natural language grammar dates back at le ...
... that make up sentences. The result may be used as input to a process of semantic interpretation. The output of parsing is something logically equivalent to a tree, displaying dominance and precedence relations between constituents of a sentence. The study of natural language grammar dates back at le ...
Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds
... as many labels (though, admittedly, some of these do not describe exactly the same phenomena): dvandva compounds, copulative compounds, appositional compounds, parallel compounds, coordinating compounds, co-compounds, symmetrical compounds, redundant compounds, fixed binomials, binoms, and probably ...
... as many labels (though, admittedly, some of these do not describe exactly the same phenomena): dvandva compounds, copulative compounds, appositional compounds, parallel compounds, coordinating compounds, co-compounds, symmetrical compounds, redundant compounds, fixed binomials, binoms, and probably ...
Lecture 4 - ufal wiki
... Constituent tree: advantages and drawbacks of both types of representation. Limits of the dependency tree. The hypothesis of two syntactic starts. 4. The notions of syntactic relation. Major classes of syntactic relations: actant, attributive, coordinative and auxiliary relation classes. ...
... Constituent tree: advantages and drawbacks of both types of representation. Limits of the dependency tree. The hypothesis of two syntactic starts. 4. The notions of syntactic relation. Major classes of syntactic relations: actant, attributive, coordinative and auxiliary relation classes. ...
Verb Phrase Ellipsis in Japanese - DUO
... in some detail, both in terms of what I mean by my wording and in terms of what the implications may be. Firstly, I will provide some examples of ellipsis, leading to a preliminary description of the phenomenon. Secondly, I offer a more careful theoretical description of what is meant by ―deletion d ...
... in some detail, both in terms of what I mean by my wording and in terms of what the implications may be. Firstly, I will provide some examples of ellipsis, leading to a preliminary description of the phenomenon. Secondly, I offer a more careful theoretical description of what is meant by ―deletion d ...
Conceptual metaphor in syntax: sentence structure level
... corresponding propositional model of object location (“something is in some place”) has been projected onto other domains of experience. As a result the pattern has been metaphorically “extended” onto various abstract situations including someone’s experiencing a state. The propositional model may b ...
... corresponding propositional model of object location (“something is in some place”) has been projected onto other domains of experience. As a result the pattern has been metaphorically “extended” onto various abstract situations including someone’s experiencing a state. The propositional model may b ...