Green genes - DNA in (and out of) chloroplasts
... these still carry the regulatory DNA sequences that directed their transcription in chloroplasts but the genes are not transcribed in the nucleus because these sequences are not ‘recognised’ by nuclear proteins. Therefore, before a transferred chloroplast gene is expressed, it must acquire the corre ...
... these still carry the regulatory DNA sequences that directed their transcription in chloroplasts but the genes are not transcribed in the nucleus because these sequences are not ‘recognised’ by nuclear proteins. Therefore, before a transferred chloroplast gene is expressed, it must acquire the corre ...
CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE CELL SURFACE I. Change in
... h and 10 h (Fig . 4 C-E) the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble material increases at least 20-fold . The change in uptake into the acid-soluble pool also increases greatly during the same period as shown in Fig . 4 F. The change in rate of uptake as well as the change in the ...
... h and 10 h (Fig . 4 C-E) the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble material increases at least 20-fold . The change in uptake into the acid-soluble pool also increases greatly during the same period as shown in Fig . 4 F. The change in rate of uptake as well as the change in the ...
Synthetic cell surface receptors for delivery of therapeutics and probes
... on using analogues of cholesterol, particularly derivatives of cholesterylamine (Fig. 3), to construct synthetic compounds that mimic cellular uptake and trafficking properties of natural cell surface receptors. A wide variety of synthetic mimics of other natural lipids [37-41] and peptides[42] capab ...
... on using analogues of cholesterol, particularly derivatives of cholesterylamine (Fig. 3), to construct synthetic compounds that mimic cellular uptake and trafficking properties of natural cell surface receptors. A wide variety of synthetic mimics of other natural lipids [37-41] and peptides[42] capab ...
Slide 1
... inhibition and the fusion and exchange of outer membrane proteins [1]. To better understand how this cell-cell interaction works, our objective here was to identify additional mutants to test if other proteins are involved in this process. Both spontaneous and U.V. induced mutants were isolated in t ...
... inhibition and the fusion and exchange of outer membrane proteins [1]. To better understand how this cell-cell interaction works, our objective here was to identify additional mutants to test if other proteins are involved in this process. Both spontaneous and U.V. induced mutants were isolated in t ...
PDF
... At the junctions between granulosa cells and germ cells, cell membranes are closely apposed (Fig. 1 A, B). The width of the intercellular space measures 250-300 Â. Adjacent cell membranes follow the contour of one another in such a manner as to maintain an almost constant intercellular distance. Thi ...
... At the junctions between granulosa cells and germ cells, cell membranes are closely apposed (Fig. 1 A, B). The width of the intercellular space measures 250-300 Â. Adjacent cell membranes follow the contour of one another in such a manner as to maintain an almost constant intercellular distance. Thi ...
The Parkinson`s disease protein -synuclein disrupts
... different posttranslational modifications en route from the ER to the Golgi to the vacuole, to stall in a pre-Golgi compartment (16). !-Syn expression also resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets and the production of reactive oxygen species (10), but these occurred after the block in traffic ...
... different posttranslational modifications en route from the ER to the Golgi to the vacuole, to stall in a pre-Golgi compartment (16). !-Syn expression also resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets and the production of reactive oxygen species (10), but these occurred after the block in traffic ...
Mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import
... residues; they usually lack acidic amino acids. Comparison of the primary structures of these signal sequences reveals no obvious homology or motif that might be responsible for the targeting function. These signal sequences, however, can adopt an amphiphilic -helix that might be important for thei ...
... residues; they usually lack acidic amino acids. Comparison of the primary structures of these signal sequences reveals no obvious homology or motif that might be responsible for the targeting function. These signal sequences, however, can adopt an amphiphilic -helix that might be important for thei ...
Supplementary Discussion
... Fig. 1). This discrepancy between the two studies might be explained by the differences in both transfection strategy and vector design. The transfection strategy used by Gannoun-Zaki et al.1 was entirely dependant on an active upsC promoter expressing the hdhfr gene since parasites were challenged ...
... Fig. 1). This discrepancy between the two studies might be explained by the differences in both transfection strategy and vector design. The transfection strategy used by Gannoun-Zaki et al.1 was entirely dependant on an active upsC promoter expressing the hdhfr gene since parasites were challenged ...
Docosahexaenoic acid improves endogen antioxidant
... oxidative damage because of its high consumption of O2 and its constant exposure to light. The use of antioxidants and mineral supplements can preserve vision en patients with ARMD and reduce the rate of disease progression. Lipid peroxidation is one of the consequences of oxidative damage and has b ...
... oxidative damage because of its high consumption of O2 and its constant exposure to light. The use of antioxidants and mineral supplements can preserve vision en patients with ARMD and reduce the rate of disease progression. Lipid peroxidation is one of the consequences of oxidative damage and has b ...
Review Interaction between the immune system and bone
... tivate osteoclastic bone resorption.7) One of these factors was identified to be interleukin (IL)-1.8) This is one of the earliest observations in the immune regulation of osteoclasts. In the late 1980’s, an in vitro osteoclast formation system was established by culturing bone marrow-derived cells o ...
... tivate osteoclastic bone resorption.7) One of these factors was identified to be interleukin (IL)-1.8) This is one of the earliest observations in the immune regulation of osteoclasts. In the late 1980’s, an in vitro osteoclast formation system was established by culturing bone marrow-derived cells o ...
The purpose of modifying the genetic properties of any organism is
... gene. A gene is a portion of DNA molecule composed of a specific series of nitrogenous bases that either chemically codes for the production of a specific protein or RNA molecule or serves as an operator in controlling the transcription of RNA within an operon unit. The DNA of E. coli, one of the mo ...
... gene. A gene is a portion of DNA molecule composed of a specific series of nitrogenous bases that either chemically codes for the production of a specific protein or RNA molecule or serves as an operator in controlling the transcription of RNA within an operon unit. The DNA of E. coli, one of the mo ...
Estrogen receptor prevents p53-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer
... to participate in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, i.e., genes with common sites from cluster 1. For this purpose, we examined the expression of the ATF3, BTG2, and TRAF4 genes. ATF3 is an ATF/CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (CREB) family member that can heterodimerize with Jun AP-1 family ...
... to participate in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, i.e., genes with common sites from cluster 1. For this purpose, we examined the expression of the ATF3, BTG2, and TRAF4 genes. ATF3 is an ATF/CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (CREB) family member that can heterodimerize with Jun AP-1 family ...
Cumulative cell division time asymmetry in Staphyloccus aureus
... cumulative asymmetry in cell division, it is necessary to differentiate stochastic differences in cell division times from differences arising from asymmetric damage segregation. Differences arising from asymmetric damage segregation are cumulative, that is, the cell receiving damaged components is expe ...
... cumulative asymmetry in cell division, it is necessary to differentiate stochastic differences in cell division times from differences arising from asymmetric damage segregation. Differences arising from asymmetric damage segregation are cumulative, that is, the cell receiving damaged components is expe ...
Unit 3 Biology 7
... nearby cells, causing inflammation of those tissues. In apoptosis, cells respond to signals. There are two main pathways of signals that initiate apoptosis: the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. Signals from inside a cell — the mitochondrial pathway If serious damage occurs insid ...
... nearby cells, causing inflammation of those tissues. In apoptosis, cells respond to signals. There are two main pathways of signals that initiate apoptosis: the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. Signals from inside a cell — the mitochondrial pathway If serious damage occurs insid ...
Block 3 - Miss Organelle Pageant
... thanks for all your hard work today! Couldn't have killed those cells without you! February 29th, 2012 yeah great job! happy leap year! 1 Comment ...
... thanks for all your hard work today! Couldn't have killed those cells without you! February 29th, 2012 yeah great job! happy leap year! 1 Comment ...
Cytotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles Assessed In Vitro and In Vivo
... examinations were performed. For the nano-Zn fed mouse (Fig. 4A), a lymphocytic infiltration was observed from the liver portal tract, subepithelial stroma of stomach, and intestine (b, d, and e, respectively). A nonspecific focal hemorrhage was seen in the heart (a), and a nonspecific medullary con ...
... examinations were performed. For the nano-Zn fed mouse (Fig. 4A), a lymphocytic infiltration was observed from the liver portal tract, subepithelial stroma of stomach, and intestine (b, d, and e, respectively). A nonspecific focal hemorrhage was seen in the heart (a), and a nonspecific medullary con ...
Lipid Map of the Mammalian Cell
... these organelles. The transport activity of CERT, and thereby SM synthesis, is regulated by the concentration of PI4P (see below) and the phosphorylation state of CERT (Hanada et al., 2003). CERT-related proteins possessing the same ER and Golgi binding sites bind oxysterols, whereas another type of ...
... these organelles. The transport activity of CERT, and thereby SM synthesis, is regulated by the concentration of PI4P (see below) and the phosphorylation state of CERT (Hanada et al., 2003). CERT-related proteins possessing the same ER and Golgi binding sites bind oxysterols, whereas another type of ...
Lesson Overview
... Every living cell exists in a liquid environment. One of the most important functions of the cell membrane is to keep the cell’s internal conditions relatively constant. It does this by regulating the movement of molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side. ...
... Every living cell exists in a liquid environment. One of the most important functions of the cell membrane is to keep the cell’s internal conditions relatively constant. It does this by regulating the movement of molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side. ...
Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self
... very stable nanofiber structures, also called amyloid fibers12–22. N-terminus, followed by a negatively charged aspartic acid residue— (In physiological settings, the formation of such amyloid fibrils is thus having two negative charges, one from the side chain and the known to have a role in severa ...
... very stable nanofiber structures, also called amyloid fibers12–22. N-terminus, followed by a negatively charged aspartic acid residue— (In physiological settings, the formation of such amyloid fibrils is thus having two negative charges, one from the side chain and the known to have a role in severa ...
Berberine Use in Stimulating Apoptosis
... Several evidences suggest that berberine possesses several therapeutic uses, including anti-tumoral activity. The present review supplies evidence that berberine is a safe anti-cancer agent, exerting several effects on mitochondria, including inhibition of mitochondrial Complex I and interaction wit ...
... Several evidences suggest that berberine possesses several therapeutic uses, including anti-tumoral activity. The present review supplies evidence that berberine is a safe anti-cancer agent, exerting several effects on mitochondria, including inhibition of mitochondrial Complex I and interaction wit ...
ppt - Erice Crystallography 2006 IT Support
... is modeled as an elastic network (“balls connected with springs”); only small amplitudes allowed. • Real-space refinement: provides multi-fragment docking, preserving structural integrity as much as possible. The resulting quasi-atomic models have enormous heuristic value, allowing dynamic changes o ...
... is modeled as an elastic network (“balls connected with springs”); only small amplitudes allowed. • Real-space refinement: provides multi-fragment docking, preserving structural integrity as much as possible. The resulting quasi-atomic models have enormous heuristic value, allowing dynamic changes o ...