Protein translocation pathways across the inner and outer
... proteins and its destabilization inhibits substrate binding by Sam50, whereas Sam37 seems to assist the release of substrates from SAM comlex28. This SAMcore complex can further associate with a fourth subunit, the morphology component Mdm10 to form SAMholo complex. SAMcore complex is required for b ...
... proteins and its destabilization inhibits substrate binding by Sam50, whereas Sam37 seems to assist the release of substrates from SAM comlex28. This SAMcore complex can further associate with a fourth subunit, the morphology component Mdm10 to form SAMholo complex. SAMcore complex is required for b ...
Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated
... protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and sequester intracellular components and then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, which degrade their contents to regenerate nutrien ...
... protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and sequester intracellular components and then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, which degrade their contents to regenerate nutrien ...
Walter Gehring on evolution of the EYE
... have been formed by natural selection seems intuitively absurd. However, he subsequently found a way out of this dilemma by postulating a simple and imperfect eye, a prototype, from which the more perfect visual organs might have arisen gradually, by variation (mutation) and by natural selection. Da ...
... have been formed by natural selection seems intuitively absurd. However, he subsequently found a way out of this dilemma by postulating a simple and imperfect eye, a prototype, from which the more perfect visual organs might have arisen gradually, by variation (mutation) and by natural selection. Da ...
Polarization of Endocytosis and Receptor
... isothiocyanate-conjugated Con A(both 10-25 jig/ml) for fluorescence microscopy or with a complex of biotinyl-Con A (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, Calif; 100 pg/ml) and avidin-peroxidase (Vector Laboratories Inc. ; 25 pg/ml) for electron microscopy . In general, fluorescent Con A labeling was ...
... isothiocyanate-conjugated Con A(both 10-25 jig/ml) for fluorescence microscopy or with a complex of biotinyl-Con A (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, Calif; 100 pg/ml) and avidin-peroxidase (Vector Laboratories Inc. ; 25 pg/ml) for electron microscopy . In general, fluorescent Con A labeling was ...
Distribution, function, and prognostic value of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
... tumor nodules. In 3-dimensional (3-D) image reconstructions, CTLs were detected at the FL follicle border where they formed lytic synapse-like structures with FL B cells and with apoptotic cells, suggesting an in situ cytotoxic function. Finally, although GrzB expression in CTLs did not correlate wi ...
... tumor nodules. In 3-dimensional (3-D) image reconstructions, CTLs were detected at the FL follicle border where they formed lytic synapse-like structures with FL B cells and with apoptotic cells, suggesting an in situ cytotoxic function. Finally, although GrzB expression in CTLs did not correlate wi ...
Paclitaxel-induced microtubule stabilization causes mitotic block
... Structure–activity relationship studies incorporating large numbers of paclitaxel analogues in conjunction with modified paclitaxel binding sites would be greatly aided by a simple, cell-based assay as a primary screen to assess tubulinpaclitaxel interactions. Unfortunately, proliferation of budding ...
... Structure–activity relationship studies incorporating large numbers of paclitaxel analogues in conjunction with modified paclitaxel binding sites would be greatly aided by a simple, cell-based assay as a primary screen to assess tubulinpaclitaxel interactions. Unfortunately, proliferation of budding ...
K-Ras is essential for normal fetal liver erythropoiesis
... observed in K-Ras⫺/⫺ day-13.5 embryos. Collectively, these results argue that K-Ras is important for normal fetal liver erythroid cell differentiation in vivo. We next assayed for early (BFU-E) and late (CFU-E) erythroid progenitors in WT and K-Ras⫺/⫺ fetal livers. The frequency of BFU-Es and CFU-Es ...
... observed in K-Ras⫺/⫺ day-13.5 embryos. Collectively, these results argue that K-Ras is important for normal fetal liver erythroid cell differentiation in vivo. We next assayed for early (BFU-E) and late (CFU-E) erythroid progenitors in WT and K-Ras⫺/⫺ fetal livers. The frequency of BFU-Es and CFU-Es ...
IGF-1 induces rat glomerular mesangial cells to accumulate
... the metabolic needs of the cell and to protect the cell from the toxic effects of elevated levels of intracellular free cholesterol (38, 74). Current work in atherosclerosis demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines cause dysregulation of cellular lipid metabolism, leading to foam cell formation (81) ...
... the metabolic needs of the cell and to protect the cell from the toxic effects of elevated levels of intracellular free cholesterol (38, 74). Current work in atherosclerosis demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines cause dysregulation of cellular lipid metabolism, leading to foam cell formation (81) ...
Organelle Fission. Crossing the Evolutionary Divide
... Sequencing Consortium, 1998) and the mitochondrial genomes of both organisms, indicating that a different mechanism for mitochondrial division has evolved in fungi and animals that is no longer based on FtsZ. Recent studies reveal that the role of FtsZ in yeast and C. elegans has been taken over at ...
... Sequencing Consortium, 1998) and the mitochondrial genomes of both organisms, indicating that a different mechanism for mitochondrial division has evolved in fungi and animals that is no longer based on FtsZ. Recent studies reveal that the role of FtsZ in yeast and C. elegans has been taken over at ...
Bluetongue Virus Capsid Assembly and Maturation
... following low-pH shock [25]. Following membrane destabilization, it is during this stage that the dissociation of VP5 from VP7 occurs, signifying the loss of the two outer protein layers and the completion of the uncoating process, releasing the core into the cytoplasm (Figure 2). These released cor ...
... following low-pH shock [25]. Following membrane destabilization, it is during this stage that the dissociation of VP5 from VP7 occurs, signifying the loss of the two outer protein layers and the completion of the uncoating process, releasing the core into the cytoplasm (Figure 2). These released cor ...
Whole-cell biocatalysts by design - Microbial Cell Factories
... the synthesis of rhamnolipids from the cheap raw material butane using a tailored whole-cell biocatalyst. The AlkBGT system from Pseudomonas putida (for butane activation) and the RhlABC system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (for rhamnolipid assembly) were integrated into the cell strain to result in r ...
... the synthesis of rhamnolipids from the cheap raw material butane using a tailored whole-cell biocatalyst. The AlkBGT system from Pseudomonas putida (for butane activation) and the RhlABC system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (for rhamnolipid assembly) were integrated into the cell strain to result in r ...
OGT Practice Life Science
... become distorted and take on a shape like a sickle. There are two common alleles for this gene. One causes normally shaped red blood cells and the other allele causes the red blood cells to have a sickle shape. The sickled cells can lodge in the smallest blood vessels and reduce the circulation of b ...
... become distorted and take on a shape like a sickle. There are two common alleles for this gene. One causes normally shaped red blood cells and the other allele causes the red blood cells to have a sickle shape. The sickled cells can lodge in the smallest blood vessels and reduce the circulation of b ...
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels
... Strategies for manipulating wall composition Knowledge regarding the regulation of wall polymer biosynthesis remains largely elusive. The mechanisms by which plant cells regulate the flow of carbon into wall polymers and balance the quantities of the various wall polymers are hot topics for research ...
... Strategies for manipulating wall composition Knowledge regarding the regulation of wall polymer biosynthesis remains largely elusive. The mechanisms by which plant cells regulate the flow of carbon into wall polymers and balance the quantities of the various wall polymers are hot topics for research ...
Cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by monoclonal
... Zeiss 1M inverted microscope. Using a drawing tube, the microscopic field was superimposed on the digitizing tablet of a Zidas image analyser (Zeiss Inc.). The outlines of 50-100 cells in randomly chosen fields were traced with the cursor to obtain values for projected cell surface area. In experime ...
... Zeiss 1M inverted microscope. Using a drawing tube, the microscopic field was superimposed on the digitizing tablet of a Zidas image analyser (Zeiss Inc.). The outlines of 50-100 cells in randomly chosen fields were traced with the cursor to obtain values for projected cell surface area. In experime ...
The Arabidopsis thaliana proton transporters, AtNhx1 and Avp1, can
... proteins is consistent with that of a prevacuolar compartment (7). As can be seen, Gef1-GFP (but not Nhx1) is also present in Golgi fractions, consistent with previous studies (9, 23). An A. thaliana Homologue of NHX1 Functions in Yeast. The yeast strain we have built provides an important tool for ...
... proteins is consistent with that of a prevacuolar compartment (7). As can be seen, Gef1-GFP (but not Nhx1) is also present in Golgi fractions, consistent with previous studies (9, 23). An A. thaliana Homologue of NHX1 Functions in Yeast. The yeast strain we have built provides an important tool for ...
20121014193054_DVL_2
... Mammalian teeth develop from oral ectoderm and neural crest derived mesenchyme. The first morphological sign is the primary dental lamina forming as a thickening of oral epithelium at the site of the future tooth row. Dental placodes form along the dental lamina and they share common morphological a ...
... Mammalian teeth develop from oral ectoderm and neural crest derived mesenchyme. The first morphological sign is the primary dental lamina forming as a thickening of oral epithelium at the site of the future tooth row. Dental placodes form along the dental lamina and they share common morphological a ...
Leaf Development - Plant Ontology Wiki
... early during the development. • Further expansion of the leaves is due to general division of cells and enlargement throughout the primordium • Cell divisions stops at the tip of the leaf first and last at the base. • Extension of the leaf is due to intercalary growth • In monocots, there is a w ...
... early during the development. • Further expansion of the leaves is due to general division of cells and enlargement throughout the primordium • Cell divisions stops at the tip of the leaf first and last at the base. • Extension of the leaf is due to intercalary growth • In monocots, there is a w ...
PDF
... later stage, after coalescence of the germinal bands, cells might migrate across the midline of the germinal plate, from the normal to the abnormal side. This mechanism of midline violation will be referred to as crossover. To decide which of these mechanisms, switching or crossover, is responsible ...
... later stage, after coalescence of the germinal bands, cells might migrate across the midline of the germinal plate, from the normal to the abnormal side. This mechanism of midline violation will be referred to as crossover. To decide which of these mechanisms, switching or crossover, is responsible ...
Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer`s Disease With Treatment
... Amyloid-plaques result from the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by a family of proteinases, termed secretases. The gene encoding APP is located on chromosome 21, which is consistent with the predominance of plaques developing in patients with Down’s Syndrome3. The normal function o ...
... Amyloid-plaques result from the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by a family of proteinases, termed secretases. The gene encoding APP is located on chromosome 21, which is consistent with the predominance of plaques developing in patients with Down’s Syndrome3. The normal function o ...
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and
... Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 7.3 37) What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion concentration of about 0.9 percent, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water? A) The cell would shrink because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to t ...
... Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 7.3 37) What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion concentration of about 0.9 percent, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water? A) The cell would shrink because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to t ...
Direct Tissue Analysis by Matrix
... molecules including xenobiotics. This technology allows measurement of these species in their native biological environment without the use of target-specific reagents such as antibodies. It can be used to profile discrete cellular regions and obtain region-specific images, providing information on ...
... molecules including xenobiotics. This technology allows measurement of these species in their native biological environment without the use of target-specific reagents such as antibodies. It can be used to profile discrete cellular regions and obtain region-specific images, providing information on ...
Actomyosin-based Self-organization of cell internalization during C. elegans gastrulation Open Access
... higher organisms [5]. Moreover, contractile behaviors that are apparently similar on the cellular level (for example, oscillatory contractility) can result in markedly different outcomes, depending on the respective subcellular organization and behavior of actomyosin [8]. In the roundworm Caenorhabd ...
... higher organisms [5]. Moreover, contractile behaviors that are apparently similar on the cellular level (for example, oscillatory contractility) can result in markedly different outcomes, depending on the respective subcellular organization and behavior of actomyosin [8]. In the roundworm Caenorhabd ...
Contents - Hodder Education
... In a multicellular animal such as a human being, diffusion also plays an important role in the exchange of respiratory gases. Blood returning to the lungs from respiring cells (see Figure 2.6) contains a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen than the air in the a ...
... In a multicellular animal such as a human being, diffusion also plays an important role in the exchange of respiratory gases. Blood returning to the lungs from respiring cells (see Figure 2.6) contains a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen than the air in the a ...
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...