Fructokinase (Fraction III)of Pea Seeds
... studied extensively (2, 15). Bakers' yeast contains two native described previously (20). The fractions containing the first peak hexokinases, one of which (form P-II) may be activated by low of fructose-phosphorylating activity (fraction III), but none of the concentrations of several metabolites ( ...
... studied extensively (2, 15). Bakers' yeast contains two native described previously (20). The fractions containing the first peak hexokinases, one of which (form P-II) may be activated by low of fructose-phosphorylating activity (fraction III), but none of the concentrations of several metabolites ( ...
PDF File - Computational Biochemistry Group
... 1997]. The Kd values are at least one order of magnitude below the physiological concentration of SAM (0.18–1 mM) [Bennett et al., 2009], indicating a high level of active-site saturation. In vivo studies with Pfl-AE suggested that the binding of AMP to the RS cluster protects it from oxidative dama ...
... 1997]. The Kd values are at least one order of magnitude below the physiological concentration of SAM (0.18–1 mM) [Bennett et al., 2009], indicating a high level of active-site saturation. In vivo studies with Pfl-AE suggested that the binding of AMP to the RS cluster protects it from oxidative dama ...
A Chemical Approach To Illustrate the Principal of Signal
... In nature, cellular functions are propagated by cascades of molecules, which interact with one another for signal transduction. Generally, the sequential process is initiated by the binding of an extracellular signal to a receptor culminating in one or more specific cellular responses In this way, a ...
... In nature, cellular functions are propagated by cascades of molecules, which interact with one another for signal transduction. Generally, the sequential process is initiated by the binding of an extracellular signal to a receptor culminating in one or more specific cellular responses In this way, a ...
rhizopus oryzae - Journal of Marine Science and Technology
... into chito-oligosaccharides with specific DP would substantially increase its practicability. Chitinases are enzymes that can hydrolyze chitin into chito-oligosaccharides. They were, thus far, found in most of the organisms such as animals, plants and microorganisms even those without chitin struc t ...
... into chito-oligosaccharides with specific DP would substantially increase its practicability. Chitinases are enzymes that can hydrolyze chitin into chito-oligosaccharides. They were, thus far, found in most of the organisms such as animals, plants and microorganisms even those without chitin struc t ...
1 - Universitas Brawijaya
... together to form a “single” functional protein Functional proteins also might incorporate minerals or other nonprotein components ...
... together to form a “single” functional protein Functional proteins also might incorporate minerals or other nonprotein components ...
The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the catalysis of shikimate kinase
... binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzy ...
... binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzy ...
View Full Text-PDF
... media. Glucose isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose to fructose and that of xylose to xylulose. It is an important enzyme used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Glucose isomerase was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis. The final p ...
... media. Glucose isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose to fructose and that of xylose to xylulose. It is an important enzyme used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Glucose isomerase was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis. The final p ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid
... liberated in the pyrophosphate form. However, some exceptions exist: for instance, the transfer of 4-amino-4-deoxy-Larabinose (L-Ara4N) units to lipid A catalyzed by the ArnT membrane protein uses undecaprenyl-phosphoryl-L-Ara4N as the donor substrate and releases the lipid in the C55-P form (Trent ...
... liberated in the pyrophosphate form. However, some exceptions exist: for instance, the transfer of 4-amino-4-deoxy-Larabinose (L-Ara4N) units to lipid A catalyzed by the ArnT membrane protein uses undecaprenyl-phosphoryl-L-Ara4N as the donor substrate and releases the lipid in the C55-P form (Trent ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... •Facilitative diffusion by Na+-independent glucose transporter system (GLUT5). There are mobile carrier proteins responsible for transport of fructose, glucose, and galactose with their conc. gradient. •Active transport by sodium-dependent glucose transporter system (SGLUT1). In the intestinal cell ...
... •Facilitative diffusion by Na+-independent glucose transporter system (GLUT5). There are mobile carrier proteins responsible for transport of fructose, glucose, and galactose with their conc. gradient. •Active transport by sodium-dependent glucose transporter system (SGLUT1). In the intestinal cell ...
Proteases - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... intermediate and causes the carboxyl to move close to the oxyanion hole ...
... intermediate and causes the carboxyl to move close to the oxyanion hole ...
Chemical Modifications and Kinetic Study of Ribonuclease Sa Active
... carried out to identify the active site components of guanylspecific ribonuclease Sa (E. C. 3.1.4.8.) from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Modification experiments with phenylglyoxal and diketene showed that neither arginine nor lysine residues, which could bind the negatively charged phosphate group of ...
... carried out to identify the active site components of guanylspecific ribonuclease Sa (E. C. 3.1.4.8.) from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Modification experiments with phenylglyoxal and diketene showed that neither arginine nor lysine residues, which could bind the negatively charged phosphate group of ...
Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human
... PKC activity in human spermatozoa was determined by measuring the transfer of the phosphate group from [γ-32P]ATP to the histone III-s as described in material and methods. Due to the low PKC activity present in spermatozoa (Rotem et al., 1990) and the consequently large number of spermatozoa needed ...
... PKC activity in human spermatozoa was determined by measuring the transfer of the phosphate group from [γ-32P]ATP to the histone III-s as described in material and methods. Due to the low PKC activity present in spermatozoa (Rotem et al., 1990) and the consequently large number of spermatozoa needed ...
Enzymes
... be able to self-replicate (a topic considered in Part IV of this book); two, the organism must be able to catalyze chemical reactions efficiently and selectively. The central importance of catalysis may surprise some beginning students of biochemistry, but it is easy to illustrate. As described in C ...
... be able to self-replicate (a topic considered in Part IV of this book); two, the organism must be able to catalyze chemical reactions efficiently and selectively. The central importance of catalysis may surprise some beginning students of biochemistry, but it is easy to illustrate. As described in C ...
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
... 3. the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and glucose-6-phosphate for entry into metabolism need to be explored. Finally, the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT) will be discussed. This pathway serves three functions 1. It generates NADPH for reductive biosynthesis. 2. It generates ...
... 3. the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and glucose-6-phosphate for entry into metabolism need to be explored. Finally, the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT) will be discussed. This pathway serves three functions 1. It generates NADPH for reductive biosynthesis. 2. It generates ...
The Family of Berberine Bridge Enzyme-like
... Sequence alignments reveal that four different active site compositions are present in the 28 different AtBBE-like proteins. 14 out of 28 AtBBE-like proteins share the AtBBE-like protein 15 active site composition and therefore a similar mechanism is anticipated for these enzymes. AtBBE-like protein ...
... Sequence alignments reveal that four different active site compositions are present in the 28 different AtBBE-like proteins. 14 out of 28 AtBBE-like proteins share the AtBBE-like protein 15 active site composition and therefore a similar mechanism is anticipated for these enzymes. AtBBE-like protein ...
Basic Science for Clinicians
... regulates a limited number of enzymes that are involved in metabolic pathways responsible for cellular energy generation (Figure 1). For instance, AMP activates glycogen phosphorylase, which releases stored glucose from glycogen, an important source of energy when fuel oxidation is impaired during i ...
... regulates a limited number of enzymes that are involved in metabolic pathways responsible for cellular energy generation (Figure 1). For instance, AMP activates glycogen phosphorylase, which releases stored glucose from glycogen, an important source of energy when fuel oxidation is impaired during i ...
Intraplastidic Localization of the Enzymesthat Convert Cucumber
... Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, 202 ABL, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 these enzymes is more controversial. On the basis of osmotic lysis of crude etiochloroplast preparations accompanied by differential centrifugation, Smith and Rebeiz (27) proposed that ...
... Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, 202 ABL, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 these enzymes is more controversial. On the basis of osmotic lysis of crude etiochloroplast preparations accompanied by differential centrifugation, Smith and Rebeiz (27) proposed that ...
The acetaminophen metabolite
... Effect of NAPQI on the coupled reporter system used to measure GS activity Possible inhibition/inactivation of one or more components of the reporter pathway was investigated in two experiments by monitoring the change in absorbance at 340 nm after adding ADP as substrate to the reporter system in t ...
... Effect of NAPQI on the coupled reporter system used to measure GS activity Possible inhibition/inactivation of one or more components of the reporter pathway was investigated in two experiments by monitoring the change in absorbance at 340 nm after adding ADP as substrate to the reporter system in t ...
Small-molecule metabolism: an enzyme mosaic
... and Cyrus Chothia Escherichia coli has been a popular organism for studying metabolic pathways. In an attempt to find out more about how these pathways are constructed, the enzymes were analysed by defining their protein domains. Structural assignments and sequence comparisons were used to show that ...
... and Cyrus Chothia Escherichia coli has been a popular organism for studying metabolic pathways. In an attempt to find out more about how these pathways are constructed, the enzymes were analysed by defining their protein domains. Structural assignments and sequence comparisons were used to show that ...
IN VIVO ENOL CASTOR OIL SEEDS AT THREONINE-4 AND SERINE-451
... in the endosperm of developing castor oil seeds (COS). Class-1 PEPC is a typical homotetramer composed of 107-kDa PTPC subunits, whereas the novel 910-kDa Class-2 PEPC hetero-octameric complex arises from a tight interaction between Class-1 PEPC and 118-kDa bacterial-type PEPC (BTPC) subunits. BTPC ...
... in the endosperm of developing castor oil seeds (COS). Class-1 PEPC is a typical homotetramer composed of 107-kDa PTPC subunits, whereas the novel 910-kDa Class-2 PEPC hetero-octameric complex arises from a tight interaction between Class-1 PEPC and 118-kDa bacterial-type PEPC (BTPC) subunits. BTPC ...
regulation of mammalian acetyl
... by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and ACC kinase (67) causes primarily an increase in the Ka for citrate and a more modest decrease in Vmax (67). The isolation and characterization of the various phosphopeptides of ACC-α that can be phosphorylated by different protein kinases in vitro and in vivo (32 ...
... by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and ACC kinase (67) causes primarily an increase in the Ka for citrate and a more modest decrease in Vmax (67). The isolation and characterization of the various phosphopeptides of ACC-α that can be phosphorylated by different protein kinases in vitro and in vivo (32 ...
glycogen metabolism
... composed of two identical 37-kd subunits, each bearing an oligosaccharide of a-1,4-glucose units. – C1 of the first unit of this chain, the reducing end, is covalently attached to the phenolic hydroxyl group of a specific tyrosine in each glycogenin subunit. ...
... composed of two identical 37-kd subunits, each bearing an oligosaccharide of a-1,4-glucose units. – C1 of the first unit of this chain, the reducing end, is covalently attached to the phenolic hydroxyl group of a specific tyrosine in each glycogenin subunit. ...
Decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in potato tubers
... Immunochemicals Inc, Gilbertsville, PA). Signal was quantified using the Odyssey Infrared Imager system (Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln). The activation state of AGPase was determined by measuring the ratio of the 50 kDa active (monomer) to 100 kDa inactive (covalently-linked dimer) protein according t ...
... Immunochemicals Inc, Gilbertsville, PA). Signal was quantified using the Odyssey Infrared Imager system (Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln). The activation state of AGPase was determined by measuring the ratio of the 50 kDa active (monomer) to 100 kDa inactive (covalently-linked dimer) protein according t ...
Minimalist Active-Site Redesign: Teaching Old Enzymes New Tricks
... structural and functional information available for subtilisin[15] has made this enzyme a particularly productive framework for rational active-site engineering. In a sense, the history of active-site engineering starts with subtilisin itself. During the 1960s, the research groups of Bender[16] and ...
... structural and functional information available for subtilisin[15] has made this enzyme a particularly productive framework for rational active-site engineering. In a sense, the history of active-site engineering starts with subtilisin itself. During the 1960s, the research groups of Bender[16] and ...
Ultrasensitivity
In molecular biology, ultrasensitivity describes an output response that is more sensitive to stimulus change than the hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten response. Ultrasensitivity is one of the biochemical switches in the cell cycle and has been implicated in a number of important cellular events, including exiting G2 cell cycle arrests in Xenopus laevis oocytes, a stage to which the cell or organism would not want to return.Ultrasensitivity is a cellular system which triggers entry into a different cellular state. Ultrasensitivity gives a small response to first input signal, but an increase in the input signal produces higher and higher levels of output. This acts to filter out noise, as small stimuli and threshold concentrations of the stimulus (input signal) is necessary for the trigger which allows the system to get activated quickly. Ultrasensitive responses are represented by sigmoidal graphs, which resemble cooperativity. Quantification of ultrasensitivity is often approximated by the Hill equation (biochemistry):Response= Stimulus^n/(EC50^n+Stimulus^n)Where Hill's coefficient (n) may represent quantitative measure of ultrasensitive response.