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Unit 2
Unit 2

... nucleus and the cell is the cytoplasm. 4. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, and briefly explain how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The nucleus controls most of the genes that control the cell. Within the nucleus is chromatin, consisting of DNA and protein. ...
Chapter 8-1: Cellular Transport
Chapter 8-1: Cellular Transport

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Prokaryotes - Eukaryotes

... membranes fuse with the plasma membrane at the perimeter, with the contents of the vesicles forming new wall material in between. ...
Section 3.3 The Cell Membrane
Section 3.3 The Cell Membrane

...  Some proteins extend through one or both phospholipid layers and help materials cross the membrane. Other proteins are key components of the cytoskeleton. Different cell types have different membrane proteins.  Carbohydrates attached to membrane proteins serve as identification tags, enabling cel ...
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... hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic domains of the protein and the fatty acyl chains of the bilayer interior. (b) Peripheral membrane proteins associate with membranes primarily through ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds between charged and polar side chains of the protein and polar head ...
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Prokaryote

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... ! Provides a ________________ between the ______________ and its ___________________. ! A complex barrier of _____________ and _________________ molecules. ...
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Scanning electron microscopic view of the surface of the spiral... immediately below the attachment of the basilar membrane. (The site...

... ...
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... 2. Robert Hooke was the first person to describe______________________. 3. Hooke built a(n) ______________________ and used it to look at cells. 4. Hooke spent most of his time looking at the cells of ______________________. 5. Hooke’s microscope could not see the cells of ______________________. 6. ...
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cell notes (***updated 12/7***)

... ◦ Continuous with plasma membrane and nuclear membrane ◦ Site of protein synthesis (consists of ribosomes) ...
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... Plants and animals cells have many of the same type of structures. These structures perform the same type of activities. Plants and animals cells have some structures that are not the same. These structures perform different activities, but necessary to it’s particular cell. ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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