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Science Module A Chapter 1 Study Guide
Science Module A Chapter 1 Study Guide

... 15. What is an example of an organ system? Digestive system, nervous system 16. Who is given credit with discovering the cell? Robert Hooke 17. An undeveloped plant sealed in a protective coating is called a seed. 18. The part of the plant where seeds are produced is called the flower. 19. The part ...
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... the supernatant to a fresh 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4oC for 10-30 min at 16,000 rpm (longer centrifugation time will increase yield). Remove the supernatant (this is the cytosol fraction) and save the pellet (this is the total membrane protein fraction including organelles and ...
Cell City Analogy 2
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fundamental unit of life
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... Functions of Golgi apparatus: 1. Helps in the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles. 2. Complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. 3. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes LYSOSOMES: Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal ...
Click here for the Study Guide Key
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... organism would be a collection of cells, probably attached to one another so that they could perform the functions of life at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system level for the organism. Unlike animal cells, plant cells tend to be rectangular in shape due to their cell wall. They are often green ...
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... _______________ 9. In passive transport, the movement of particles across a membrane requires energy. _______________ 10. Endocytosis is a process by which a cell membrane surrounds and takes in material from the environment. _______________ 11. The passive transport of material across a membrane by ...
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2017 Cell Processes Test Study Guide

... Tap water resulted in an increase in both mass and circumference of the carrots because water entered the cells from high to low concentration through the process of osmosis. Exposure to salt water resulted in a decrease in both mass and circumference of the carrots because water exited the cells fr ...
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... The cell is the basic unit of life. Cell walls and chloroplasts are found in plant cells only. • The cell wall is a stiff covering outside the cell membrane of a plant cell. • Chloroplast is a green structure in a plant cell where food is produced. It is green because it contains the green pigment ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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