• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated Transformation of Plant Cells
Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated Transformation of Plant Cells

... nucleus by the nuclear-localization signals found in VirD2 and VirE2, which interact with the endogenous nuclear localization machinery. Once in the nucleus, the DNA integrates stably into the plant genome in an as yet poorly characterized process that is likely to include the activities of both vir ...
The Plant Cell - Gunawardena Lab
The Plant Cell - Gunawardena Lab

... and Woltering, 2002; Kuriyama and Fukuda, 2002). For instance, at least three major cytological variants of the PCD process are well characterized in plants (Fukuda, 2000). In apoptosis-like cell death, the nucleus is the first target of degradation, and dying cells exhibit characteristic features s ...
Characterizing and optimizing magnetosome production of
Characterizing and optimizing magnetosome production of

... A total of 11 factors were determined by single factor experiments by cell growth and magnetosome content. Their influences on magnetite production, productivity and coercivity were scanned using a Plackett–Burman design (Tables S1 and S2, Supporting Information). High coercivity values usually indi ...
Anillin, a Contractile Ring Protein That Cycles from the Nucleus to
Anillin, a Contractile Ring Protein That Cycles from the Nucleus to

... 1994). The orientation of this ring is governed by the positions of the mitotic spindle through an unknown mechanism (Rappaport and Rappaport, 1974). During late anaphase, the cell cortex changes in the region where the cleavage furrow will form. Both myosin II and the recently identified septin pro ...
Connecting signaling and cell cycle progression in growth
Connecting signaling and cell cycle progression in growth

... proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, which occurs immediately after growth factor stimulation and l ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule

End4/Sla2 is involved in establishment of a new growth zone in
End4/Sla2 is involved in establishment of a new growth zone in

... alterations in cell morphology (Hagan, 1998; Sawin and Nurse, 1998). During interphase, microtubules are organized in antiparallel bundles with the plus ends facing the tips of the cell where they deliver the polarity marker, Tea1 (Drummond and Cross, 2000; Hagan, 1998; Mata and Nurse, 1997). Cells ...
Growth Factors
Growth Factors

... divide Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
Text S1 Y2H Interactome Mapping The literature was curated to
Text S1 Y2H Interactome Mapping The literature was curated to

... found in CF by multiple studies; 75% of the eliminated ORFs encode proteins that were identified in CF in only a single proteomic study, in comparison to those that remained for which 32% were detected in only a single study. From the final list, 339 ORFs that were sequence validated were provided b ...
Vacuoles - Plant Physiology
Vacuoles - Plant Physiology

... action on mitochondria (about 7.8 [21]). For this reason we were chemical potential gradient. The uptake system may be capable also obliged to use a relatively high concentration. Under our of bringing about facilitated diffusion in the absence of energy conditions SF6847 had no general toxic effect ...
Mark scheme F211 Cells, Exchange and Transport June 2014
Mark scheme F211 Cells, Exchange and Transport June 2014

... needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teacher ...
Title Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical
Title Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical

... root mean squared roughness. However, quantifying membrane topography in the presence of surface topographical heterogeneities (redefined as surface defects throughout this study) can be challenging [21], since these are usually in the order of several micrometres in width and depth. As such, defect ...
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent

109 y+-TYPE CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORT
109 y+-TYPE CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORT

... hydrophobicity profiles and computer analysis, the topology was depicted with 12 membrane-spanning domains. The three computer programs used (Fig. 4, legend) differ in the number of transmembrane domains that they predict: two of the three indicate 14 such domains for mCAT-1. Nevertheless, we chose ...
Hyperosmotic stress-induced actin filament reorganization in leaf
Hyperosmotic stress-induced actin filament reorganization in leaf

... For staining of AFs in control and plasmolysed leaf cells, a ¯uorophore-conjugated phalloidin-staining regime was employed. The staining protocols used were based on previously published ones with extensive modi®cations and thus will be described in detail. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma un ...
Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei
Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei

... properties, this enhanced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation under the treatments may have also brought about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates th ...
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems

Peroxisome degradation requires catalytically active sterol
Peroxisome degradation requires catalytically active sterol

Dictyostelium cytokinesis: from molecules to mechanics
Dictyostelium cytokinesis: from molecules to mechanics

... degree of cleavage-furrow ingression, and cortical stiffness) are required to reasonably predict how much myosin-II may be required for cytokinesis. Other efforts to mathematically model cytokinesis using principles of fluid mechanics have been presented (He and Dembo, 1997). However, these models do n ...
Beyond apoptosis: nonapoptotic cell death in physiology and disease
Beyond apoptosis: nonapoptotic cell death in physiology and disease

... necrosis, which is a passive process. Such distinction is essential because both forms of cell death are phenotypically alike, but are distinct from apoptosis, and are probably caused by different mechanisms (Jaattela and Tschopp 2003). In particular, at late stages of both accidental necrosis and n ...
The Nervous System - biology-rocks
The Nervous System - biology-rocks

... Na + (outside axon) electrical potential K+ difference (Inside axon) ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules

Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School

... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
BDNF
BDNF

... both. To determine if membrane depolarization stimulates BDNF transcription, we…. Given the finding that Ca2+ influx through L-type VSCCs induces BDNF transcription, experiments were carried out to determine which of the four BDNF promoters is capable of mediating a Ca2+ response. As described above ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules

... in the cytoplasm (Kamiya and Kuroda 1956). Recent theoretical work discussed below has lent support to the notion espoused some time ago that this stirring of the vacuolar fluid by streaming may also enhance mixing within a given cell, enabling the mobilization of metabolites and contributing to phy ...
< 1 ... 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 ... 1009 >

Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report