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Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... Regular dense connective tissue has organized patterns of the fibers. It is very strong, enabling the tissue to withstand pulling forces. It often binds body parts together. Irregular dense connective tissue has thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized patterns of fibers. This allows for the ...
Identification of genes that cause the papillary type of
Identification of genes that cause the papillary type of

... • Type I = layers of single cells with scanty pale cytoplasm, single layer on the basement membrane. Psammoma bodies and foamy macrophages frequently seen, often CK7+ • Type II = Pseudostratified nuclei and voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm • Type I lower grade and higher stage • Type II have poorer ...
Document
Document

... and performs metabolic functions in the cell 5. Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another 6. The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell 7. Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular acti ...
5.1 How Is the Structure of the Cell Membrane Related to Its Function?
5.1 How Is the Structure of the Cell Membrane Related to Its Function?

... closed to allow specific substances to pass across the membrane – Carrier proteins bind substances and carry them through the membrane, sometimes using cellular ...
Organogenesis I: Somites and Limb Formation
Organogenesis I: Somites and Limb Formation

... -How do inductive interactions control their identity? 2) Morphogenesis -Where do cells for an organ come from and how do they get to the site of organ formation? -How do different cell types recognize one another? (Adhesion, signaling) -How does individual cell shape contribute to tissue shape and ...
Cell Physiology
Cell Physiology

... excess sodium outside the cell membrane is always attempting to diffuse to the interior. Under appropriate conditions, this diffusion energy of sodium can pull other substances along with the sodium through the cell membrane. This phenomenon is called co-transport; it is one form of secondary active ...
Unit 2 – Multicellular Organisms
Unit 2 – Multicellular Organisms

... begins. They have the ability to differentiate into many of the cell types which make up the fully developed organism. Adult Stem Cells Adult stem cells occur in most of the organs in the body. They can be used in growth and repair of tissue that may have dead or damaged cells. These stem cells are ...
PDF
PDF

... Other experiments in mouse embryos, chicken embryo hearts and isolated proepicardium cells indicate that NFATC1 activation by RANKL in EPDCs promotes expression of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme cathepsin K, promoting EPDC invasion into the myocardium. These new insights into heart morpho ...
Types of Circulatory System Open Circulatory System
Types of Circulatory System Open Circulatory System

...  Thin, only slightly elastic  One-way valves help blood to flow in ...
CELL WALL ACTIVE ANTIBIOTICS I {ST1}
CELL WALL ACTIVE ANTIBIOTICS I {ST1}

... C=O portion of D-ala/D-ala. Transpeptidase recognizes this analogue structure on penicillin and acylates it covalently. So penicillin is a suicide substrate. This inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan by transpeptidase. ...
Pilecki 20-01
Pilecki 20-01

... physical defects, gross observations of ocular irritation and histological observation of retinal tissue  Treatment with αMFAP4, particularly at higher dose, was able to consistently reduce lesion size and density and limit leukocyte infiltration into the burn area  Effects of αMFAP4 were already ...
Ch. 4 AP PP 2
Ch. 4 AP PP 2

... SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE - contains very large, multinucleated cells - skeletal muscles are long and slender, so are usually called MUSCLE FIBERS - these fibers are not capable of dividing, but new ones are produced through the division of stem cells in muscle tissue  some repair is possible after an ...
32 Lung Respiratory Tissue
32 Lung Respiratory Tissue

... branching into alveolar ducts. Alveolar ducts are thin walled tubes from which numerous alveoli or clusters of alveoli open around its circumference so that the wall becomes little more than a succession of alveolar openings. Appearances of a tube persist only in a few places, where small groups of ...
Cell wall
Cell wall

... to the Golgi from the ER for modification. Condensing- membrane bound packets of proteins that pinch off from the Golgi and are used by organelles on the inside of the cell Secretory-membrane bound packets of proteins that pinch off from the Golgi and are transported outside of the cell ...
molluscs-annelids
molluscs-annelids

... o a mantle, which is a heavy fold of tissue as the outer body layer; o a visceral mass, which is the central area containing organs; and o a muscular foot, which is mainly used for locomotion. A radula, which is a rasping, tongue-like structure in the mouth used for scraping or attacking prey. Mollu ...
By Adam, Jun-Jie, Cameron, and Matthew
By Adam, Jun-Jie, Cameron, and Matthew

... reproduction system that stores the eggs Testicles- the part of a male’s and male pig’s reproduction system that produce sperm Tracheal System- the respiratory system of a insect Hemolymph- a fluid in the body cavities and tissues of ...
Bacterial Cells Have Cytoskeletons, Too Bacterial cells contain
Bacterial Cells Have Cytoskeletons, Too Bacterial cells contain

... and Errington, 2001, Cell, 104, p. 916.) (C) MreB protein of E. coli- The double helical organization is exemplified by the observaof the E. coli Yfp-MreB protein is visualized in a three-dimensional reconstruction from a series of optical sections of fluorescence micrographs. (Reproduced with permi ...
cell organelles
cell organelles

... and with two tails. The heads like water (hydrophilic) and the tails do not like water (hydrophobic). The tails bump up against each other and the heads are out facing the watery area surrounding the inside or outside of the cell. ...
Chapter 5: PowerPoint
Chapter 5: PowerPoint

... through the membrane. -b sheets in the protein secondary structure form a cylinder called a b-barrel -b-barrel interior is polar and allows water and small polar molecules to pass through the membrane ...
Introduction to Planaria
Introduction to Planaria

... Planarians are free-living flatworms and form the class Turbellarians in the Phylum Platyhelminthes. The Other two classes of flatworms are parasitic (flukes and tape worms). Flatworms have three tissue layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These tissues are organized into organs and organ syste ...
Circulatory System
Circulatory System

... white blood cells and platelets. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells of the body. Plasma 60% of blood is plasma (and 92% of plasma is water!) – A fluid that contains proteins, glucose, hormones, gases and other substances dissolved in water. – White Blood cells – help body fight infection. – ...
fundamentals-of-human-physiology-4th-edition-lauralee
fundamentals-of-human-physiology-4th-edition-lauralee

... Cellular respiration refers collectively to the intracellular reactions in which energy-rich molecules are broken down to form ATP, using O2 and producing CO2 in the process. Oxidative phosphorylation refers to the process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy released by electrons as they ar ...
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function

...  keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive ...
Classification Summary
Classification Summary

... How do they obtain energy? heterotroph, photoautotroph, (heterotroph, photoautotroph, chemoautotroph chemoautotroph) Unicellular or Multi-cellular or both Typical Reproduction (asexual, sexual or both) Body system (none, radial, or bilateral) Can cells form tissues? Yes or no? C ...
Ενδοκυττάρια ∆ιαµερίσµατα, ∆ιαλογή και µεταφορά πρωτεινών
Ενδοκυττάρια ∆ιαµερίσµατα, ∆ιαλογή και µεταφορά πρωτεινών

... amino acids and nucleotides Intracellular homeostasis of inorganic ions ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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