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Circulatory System_Teacher
Circulatory System_Teacher

... Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42-, SO42Organic Nutrients: Used for ATP production, cell growth and maintenance; Includes lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids Organic Wastes: Carried to sites of breakdown or excretion; Includes urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, and ammonium ions ...
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30.1 Organization of the Human Body

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... Proteins encoded by the early region 3 (E3) are not required for replication but contribute to the viral life cycle by altering the trafficking and function of cellular proteins involved in adaptive immunity and inflammatory responses (Lichtenstein et al., 2004b). The adenovirus receptor internaliza ...
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... 2. Polarization of gastrulating cells The cell movements of gastrulation begin at the 26-cell stage when the two endodermal precursors, Ea and Ep, move from the surface of the embryo into a small interior cavity called the blastocoel (Sulston et al., 1983). Prior to the 26-cell stage, the embryo is ...
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AP BIOLOGY - REVIEW TOPICS
AP BIOLOGY - REVIEW TOPICS

... What patterns of reproduction and development are found in plants and animals and how are they regulated? What is the adaptive significance of alternation of generations in the major groups of plants? Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations How does the organization of cells, tissues, ...
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Chapter 23 Respiration and Excretion

... rings of cartilage and smooth muscle. • Within the lungs, the bronchus branches into many smaller tubes called the bronchioles, which are made only of smooth muscle. • They also both secrete mucus and have cilia that aid in trapping particles and transfer of mucus. ...
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IV. Principles of Serological Testing in Immunohematology

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... leaves the lungs and travels to the heart. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood into arteries, which carry it throughout the body. Eventually, the blood travels into capillaries that supply body tissues. These capillaries are called peripheral capillaries. Peripheral Gas Exchange The cells of the b ...
In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental
In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental

... origin has been assigned to the syncytial layer, which would then arise from the Langhans cells (Carter, 1964; Enders, 19656; Kemnitz, 1970). Midgley, Pierce, Deneau & Gosling (1963), Tao & Hertig (1965) and Gerbie, Hathaway & Brewer (1968), using [3Hlthymidine as a cell tracer, have obtained data i ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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