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The Animal Kingdom and Sponges Laboratory
The Animal Kingdom and Sponges Laboratory

... • composed of specialized tissues (exception : sponges) which arise from embryonic germ layers • typically motile; not sessile like plants • diploid and reproduce sexually Most zoologists agree that the ancestors to animals were colonial choanoflagellates (cells with a flagellum surrounded by a coll ...
Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function

... gives them a relatively large ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating the transfer of substances. The shapes of cells may vary, and a cell’s shape generally suits its function. • Cells are diverse, but all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. • Prokaryotic cells are ...
Solid State Storage Deep Dive
Solid State Storage Deep Dive

... – Not nearly the issue it use to be, but you must understand your write patterns. – Plan for over provisioning and TRIM support. • It can have a huge impact on how much storage you actually ...
RAT DISSECTION PHYLUM: Chordata
RAT DISSECTION PHYLUM: Chordata

... covers the opening to the respiratory system and keeps food from “going down the wrong tube” when swallowing. The TRACHEA, containing cartilage rings to keep the airway open, splits into 2 BRONCHI. The respiratory organ in mammals is the lungs, which have many small individual air sacs called ALVEOL ...
Marxreiter EMBO2014 - Carl Thummel`s
Marxreiter EMBO2014 - Carl Thummel`s

... promote target tissue remodeling. It will be interesting to determine if these neurons sense nutrients directly and further characterize how both systemic and local insulin signaling is integrated to provide appropriate regionalization of terminal cell shape changes. Finally, perhaps the most remark ...
answer_1 - Homework Market
answer_1 - Homework Market

... 3. What is the diameter of an alveolus? How many are in each lung? 4. What are the two types of specialized cells in the wall of the alveoli? ...
Human Tissues III
Human Tissues III

... a. Macrophages are also a blood lineage, derived from monocytes in the blood. Monocyes are going to migrate into tissues where they become macrophages. Macrophages are the major phagocytic cell of connective tissues. They clear cell debris, bacteria, and scar build-up. Lots of them around connective ...
Glycoside Hydrolase Activities in Cell Walls of Sclerenchyma Cells
Glycoside Hydrolase Activities in Cell Walls of Sclerenchyma Cells

... knowledge, this is the first report of the specific localization of these activities in the compound middle lamella and in developing secondary wall layers in the sclerenchyma cells. These observations imply that cell wall polysaccharide fragments released by various endo-glucanases or other glucosi ...
How Animals Survive (Circulation and Gas
How Animals Survive (Circulation and Gas

... broken down by cells produce energy which the cells can use for its metabolic activities. The process of glycolysis, is an anaerobic process which does not require oxygen but creates little amount of ATP. The electron transport chain (ETC), which uses oxygen produces the most ATP. Along the process, ...
DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 promotes and maintains plant epidermal
DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 promotes and maintains plant epidermal

... state. Plants with reduced DEK1 activity produce cotyledon epidermis with protodermal characteristics, despite showing normal growth and endoreduplication. Furthermore, in non-embryonic tissues (true leaves, sepals), DEK1 is required for epidermis differentiation maintenance. We show that the HD-ZIP ...
Six Kingdoms
Six Kingdoms

... the Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus created a different classification system. His idea was to group animals and plants based on similarities in their structures. For example, Linnaeus placed animals into groups based on whether or not they had a backbone. Like Aristotle, Linnaeus divided living ...
Acute Inflammation - Cellular Mediators
Acute Inflammation - Cellular Mediators

... • During the first 24 hours following injury the main cells to accumulate are neutrophils due to the production of high concentrations of chemotactic factors at the site of injury • The main cell to mediate the effects of acute inflammation is the NEUTROPHIL • If tissue damage is slight there will b ...
DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 promotes and maintains plant epidermal
DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 promotes and maintains plant epidermal

... state. Plants with reduced DEK1 activity produce cotyledon epidermis with protodermal characteristics, despite showing normal growth and endoreduplication. Furthermore, in non-embryonic tissues (true leaves, sepals), DEK1 is required for epidermis differentiation maintenance. We show that the HD-ZIP ...
Host-Pathogen Interaction and Human Disease
Host-Pathogen Interaction and Human Disease

... 1. The makeup of our flora depends upon various factors, including genetics, age, sex, stress, nutrition, and diet of the individual ...
cDNA-derived molecular characteristics and antibodies to a new
cDNA-derived molecular characteristics and antibodies to a new

... Production of antigenic fusion protein and preparation of antibodies An expression vector was constructed which could be induced to express a recombinant β-galactosidase/CCD41 fusion protein. For this purpose, the insert of the plasmid pCCD41 was released by HincII / EcoRI. The recessive EcoRI end w ...
Function Molecular Mechanism to Dampen Mast Cell Endocytosis of
Function Molecular Mechanism to Dampen Mast Cell Endocytosis of

... Ligation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc⑀RI), constitutively expressed on mast cells and basophils, promotes cell activation and immediate release of allergic mediators. Furthermore, Fc⑀RI up-regulation on APC from atopic donors is involved in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. In c ...
NIPS April 1998 notebook
NIPS April 1998 notebook

... for certain secreted proteins and neurotransmitters have different stimulatory effects on these secretory pathways. It is also possible that different populations of cells in the same gland have different secretory products whose secretion can be differentially controlled, resulting in a different s ...
Translation of Human-Induced Pluripotent€Stem Cells
Translation of Human-Induced Pluripotent€Stem Cells

... outlook for biomedical research. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new source of therapeutic cells free from the ethical issues or immune barriers of human embryonic stem cells. iPSCs also confer considerable advantages over conventional methods of studying human diseases. Since ...
in follicle cells
in follicle cells

... ca. 2% of all genes involved in embryo pattern formation (ca. 100 of >15.000 protein-encoding genes, only 5.000 essential genes) ...
Energy Conversions PowerPoint
Energy Conversions PowerPoint

... Think. Pair. Share. •Why do you think the man set up that experiment? •What is he trying to prove? •Describe the relationship you see between photosynthesis & cellular respiration. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oOHuEix3oY ...
Adam - Joe Griffin Media Ministries
Adam - Joe Griffin Media Ministries

... shown to contain reservoirs of stem cells, which are called adult stem cells. Compared to embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent [those capable of being altered into different cell types], adult stem cells (are) more restricted and are usually lineage-specific [or, they maintain the same genera ...
Document
Document

...  Bony Protrusions on the lateral wall are called nasal turbinates or conchae  Separate ...
The Molecularly Crowded Cytoplasm of Bacterial Cells: Dividing
The Molecularly Crowded Cytoplasm of Bacterial Cells: Dividing

... behavior in vivo are undertaken in real-time (Trevors, 2010). Specific molecular interactions also occur against the background of random molecular interactions, which can affect diffusion, protein folding and localization in bacterial cells. However, a better understanding is emerging of the organi ...
Supplemental Figures
Supplemental Figures

... Supplemental Figure 5. Light-dependent O2 exchange measured in wild-type and pgrl1 cells shifted from high CO2 to low CO2 (air). C. reinhardtii cells were grown autotrophically in photobioreactors operated as turbidostats at a constant biomass concentration (≈ 1.5 x 106 cells mL-1) in the presence o ...
File
File

... Comparing diffusion and osmosis • Both diffusion and osmosis involve the movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentrations – both processes are passive • Difference is that osmosis requires a semi – permeable membrane while diffusion does not – osmosis is a sp ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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