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A DNA damage checkpoint pathway coordinates the
A DNA damage checkpoint pathway coordinates the

... called the crozier cell, applies for many fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (BULLER 1958). Nevertheless, the clamp connection is not essential for stable and accurate dikaryon formation since it is absent in the dikaryons of some species (SALO 1989). In these species that do not form clamp cells, the d ...
Integumentary System PowerPoint
Integumentary System PowerPoint

... pigment to the skin is a sign of Addison’s disease in which the adrenal cortex is producing inadequate amounts of its steroid hormones. It can also be a sign of a pituitary tumor.  Black and blue marks or bruises: reveal where blood escaped from the circulation and clotted beneath the skinhematoma. ...
INTERLEUKIN 6 DECREASES CELL
INTERLEUKIN 6 DECREASES CELL

... systems (2-13), its effects on cell proliferation mainly involve either stimulation or suppression of the proliferation ofcertain kinds of cells in which the genetic control ofgrowth has been altered. IL-6 promotes the growth ofcertain murine hybridomas and plasmacytomas (14-16), and EBVinfected hum ...
Embryonic stem cells form an organized, functional - AJP
Embryonic stem cells form an organized, functional - AJP

... Another marker that has been used to identify more discrete components of the specialized cardiac conduction system is the proximal 1.5-kb promoter-enhancer region of the chicken GATA6 gene (cGATA6) (10). Using lacZ expression as a reporter of cGATA6 enhancer activity in transgenic mice, Davis et al ...
06_Lecture_Presentation
06_Lecture_Presentation

... Concept 6.4: The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell • Components of the endomembrane system: – Nuclear envelope – Endoplasmic reticulum – Golgi apparatus – Lysosomes (only in animal cells) ...
division plane control in plants: new players in the band
division plane control in plants: new players in the band

... actin depolymerizing drugs applied during mitosis or cytokinesis. However, KDZs were no longer seen when early PPB microtubules were depolymerized. After drug washout, most cells reformed both a PPB and a KDZ, but some failed to reconstitute a PPB or a KDZ, suggesting that KDZ formation depends on t ...
GALLOYLGLUCOSES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS
GALLOYLGLUCOSES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS

... From the Section of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ...
The leaf is the fundamental unit of the shoot system, which is
The leaf is the fundamental unit of the shoot system, which is

... floral organs, which are modified leaves. Moreover, leaf shape is sensitive to environmental stimuli. The leaf is therefore the key organ for a full understanding of plant morphogenesis. However, the genetic control of development of these shapes has remained unclear. Recently, studies of leaf morph ...
Recombinant Human GM-CSF — 550068
Recombinant Human GM-CSF — 550068

... this material and include appropriate controls in relevant experiments. An activity range of 0.1 - 1.0 x 10^9 units/mg, encompassing an ED50= 10 - 90 pg/mL, has previously been reported using TF-1 as indicator cells for proliferation, with a unit defined as the amount of material needed to stimulate ...
Section 1: The Circulatory System Every cell in the body needs food
Section 1: The Circulatory System Every cell in the body needs food

... pump, the heart pushes blood through the body one push after another, day in and day out. It begins to work during the fourth week of fetal development and continues throughout a person's entire life. During the course of a day, it pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood. A newborn baby's heart beats abo ...
Epithelial invasion and cell lysis by virulent strains of Streptococcus
Epithelial invasion and cell lysis by virulent strains of Streptococcus

... disease of farmers and those in the meat industry. As with other streptococci, both virulent and avirulent strains of S. suis are frequently carried asymptomatically in the tonsillar crypts and nasal cavities. Little is known about the process by which virulent strains cross the mucosal epithelia to ...
The role of T cells in Osteoporosis - International Journal of Clinical
The role of T cells in Osteoporosis - International Journal of Clinical

... will review the direct and indirect mechanisms involved in osteoporosis and the evidence to support the hypothesis that one of the critical mechanisms involved in osteoporosis is: activated T cells induce the production of osteoclastogenic factors. Double-edged Sword Effects of T Cells upon Osteocla ...
CH 16 YOUR BODY SYSTEMS
CH 16 YOUR BODY SYSTEMS

... The skeletal system provides a ___________, stable __________ capable of __________. The skeletal system __________ and __________ delicate internal ______________. Bones store important ____________ such as ___________ and ________________. Bones _____________ the body’s _________ __________. Red b ...
Module 5 Study Notes
Module 5 Study Notes

... 5.2 the excretory system and the substances excreted; ......................................................................... 5 5.3 the respiratory system, including the muscular ventilation of the air sacs, the structure and operation of the spiracles and exchange of respiratory gases; .......... ...
7.12B: Systems of the Human Body
7.12B: Systems of the Human Body

... Fundamental Question: What is the function of the Skeletal System? The Skeletal System holds organs in place, provides a structural support for the body and its muscles, stores minerals, and contains resources to generate new blood cells. Organs of this system include: bones and joints Bones are har ...
Dissection Manual
Dissection Manual

... The respiratory system is responsible for bringing a fresh supply of oxygen to the blood stream and carrying off excess carbon dioxide. In mammals, air enters the body through the external nostrils (nares) and enters the nasal cavities dorsal to the hard palate. As air passes through these convolute ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells

... Programmed cell death is critical both for organ formation during development and during adult life, when billions of cells must be removed every day. The culmination of the apoptotic process is the specific recognition and engulfment of the apoptotic cell by a phagocyte. A number of recent studies ...
Track 3
Track 3

... (2 marks) c. Which cell became plasmolysed? __________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) d. Name one structure present in plant cells, which is absent in animal cells. ___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) e. Durin ...
Persistent infection of mammalian cells by Rift Valley fever virus
Persistent infection of mammalian cells by Rift Valley fever virus

... aspect: they appeared larger and more numerous with IP-M and tiny and less abundant with C1008 (not shown). These variations might be related to the intrinsic properties of the cells. Once the cells had survived the primary acute infection, foci developed and maintenance medium was changed weekly un ...
MES-1 and asymmetric embryo divisions
MES-1 and asymmetric embryo divisions

... eukaryotes. When these mechanisms are used to generate distinct daughter cells during development, the two events must be coordinately regulated, to ensure the proper segregation of factors to each daughter. This is observed in such diverse systems as bud formation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevis ...
Integumentary System - Gantner Avenue Elementary School
Integumentary System - Gantner Avenue Elementary School

...  Caused by a herpes simplex infection  Virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve where it remains ...
Human Body - Logan Petlak
Human Body - Logan Petlak

... c. Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) d. Demonstrate the scientific use of anatomical terminology, including directional terms, body planes, body regions, and body cavities, to locate ...
Origin of Cancer: An Information, Energy, and Matter Disease
Origin of Cancer: An Information, Energy, and Matter Disease

... the first function of any cell is to prevent the permanent threat of disintegration that is described by thermodynamic laws and to preserve highly ordered cell characteristics such as structures, the cell cycle, or metabolism. In this context, three basic categories play a central role: energy, info ...
6 dent antigen specific B cell response
6 dent antigen specific B cell response

... shaping the BCR repertoire. Point mutations in antibody V regions are induced due to AID activity in B cells, as a result, yield different affinities to the developing clones. (In plasmablasts, Ig V genes undergo point mutations at an extremely high rate, which are about a million times higher than ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells

... plays a critical role in controlling the quantity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane. There is an increasing number of reports on the structure and function of the auxiliary subunits of membrane proteins, including ion channels, receptors and ion-motive ATPases (Chow and Forte, 1995; Flucher et al ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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