Download CH 16 YOUR BODY SYSTEMS

CH 16 YOUR BODY SYSTEMS
LESSON 1 YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
SKELATAL SYSTEM:
MARROW:
JOINT:
CARTILAGE:
TENDONS:
LIGAMENTS:
YOUR BODY’S FRAMEWORK
The __________ system helps you stand up and works with your ____________ to help
you ____________, ___________, _____________, ______________, ______________,
and ____________.
YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM
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The skeletal system includes many _________ that _________ the ____________ and
protect the ____________.
The _____________ or
__________ column, consist of
______ separate bones called
_____________.
FUNCTIONS OF YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
The skeletal system provides a ___________, stable __________ capable of __________.
The skeletal system __________ and __________ delicate internal ______________.
Bones store important ____________ such as ___________ and ________________.
Bones _____________ the body’s _________ __________.
Red bone __________ makes ____________ of blood ________ each day.
JOINTS
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Some __________ do not move. Others move only __________, and others allow a wide
__________ of ______________.
TYPES OF MOBILE JOINTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
At joints where movement __________, the bone _______________ are coated with
__________, ____________ ____________. Tendons are another type of
_____________ tissue. A large tendon that you can easily feel is your __________
tendon. ______________ help hold bones in ___________.
PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION
FRACTURE:
DISLOCATION:
SPRAIN:
OVERUSE INJURY:
SCOLIOSIS:
OSTEOPOROSIS:
CARING FOR YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM
GOOD NUTRITION
__________ and _________ dairy products contain ___________ and other nutrients that
are _____________ to good health.
REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Regular ___________ increases ____________ mass.
POSTURE
Good ____________ keeps your ___________ healthy.
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PROTECTING YOURSELF
Use protective gear when playing ___________, _________________, or in line
__________.
LESSON 2 YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
MUSCULAR SYSTEM:
SKELETAL MUSCLES:
SMOOTH MUSCLES:
CARDIAC MUSCLES:
YOUR MUSCLES
Your ____________ system contains many ___________ that perform different
______________.
YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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TYPES OF MUSCLES
_____________ muscles are the _____________ part of the body’s _______________
system. Skeletal muscles are ________________. The ___________, ___________, and
____________ are all composed of _____________ muscles. Smooth muscles are
______________. ______________ muscles work _________________, even when you
__________. Cardiac muscles are _______________.
HOW MUSCLES WORK
There are _______ basic and ___________ actions that account for ________ muscle
______________.
CONTRACTION: The ___________ of muscle ___________.
EXTENSION: The _____________ of muscle _____________.
Muscle ______________ is triggered by ______________.
PROBLEMS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Muscle __________ is caused by small _________ in a ___________ or ____________.
Strains usually occur in ___________ muscles that have been ______________.
Muscular _____________ is an ______________ disease, and causes _____________
muscle tissue to gradually ___________ away.
CARE OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
“Use it or lose it”
 Regular ___________ helps maintain __________ tension in muscle
__________, called muscle ____________.
 Regular ____________ also keeps the ___________ muscles healthy.
 _________ well
 Warm up __________ exercising or ____________ sports.
 Cool down _________ exercising or ____________sports.
 Use _________ or sports equipment ___________.
 Lift _________ objects ___________.
LESSON 3 YOUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
CELL RESPIRATION:
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ARTERIES:
VEINS:
CAPILLARIES:
THE BODY’S TRANSPORT SYSTEM
The ________ is the main _________ of the ______________ system.
CIRCULATION AND THE BODY’S CELLS
Your _____________ system is made up of your __________, ___________
____________, and ____________. The body’s cells ___________ from the circulatory
system through ___________ respiration.
YOUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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CIRCULATION AND THE BODY’S CELLS
Blood picks up __________ from the ____________ system and ________ from the
lungs.
▼
Blood ____________ nutrients and ___________ to the body’s __________.
▼
Cells use the ______________ and _______________.
▼
Cells create __________ products, including ______________ dioxide.
▼
Blood ________ up wastes and ___________ them to the __________, _________, and
_________ for removal.
BLOOD
LIQUID
Called ___________
Composed of ____ % water
SOLID
Composed of mostly ______ blood cells and cell
parts called ____________.
Red blood cells carry __________ to cells and
_________ dioxide away from them.
White ________ cells carry germ ___________
from the ____________ system to needy areas of the
body.
_____________ help ________ blood at the site of
the _____________.
BLOOD VESSELS
__________ types of blood vessels are ____________, ____________, and
______________.
GIVING AND RECEIVING BLOOD
Blood can be replaced by means of __________________. Doctors need to make sure
that the __________ type of the injured person _____________ the blood type of the
____________ blood.
FOUR MAIN BLOOD TYPES
1.
2.
3.
4.
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The Food and Drug Administration (
) is responsible for ___________ organizations
that __________ and ___________ donated blood. All ___________ blood is
_________ for _________ and other diseases.
PROBLEMS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
PROBLEMS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CARE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Be ______________ active
 Decrease _________ intake and increase ___________ fiber
 Don’t use ____________ products
 Learn to ____________ stress
LESSON 4 YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
RESPIRATION:
BRONCHI:
ALVEOLI:
DIAPHRAGM:
ASTHMA:
AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI):
BREATHING
Breathing is a ___________ of your ______________ system. A person can only
__________ a _________ minutes without ____________.
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FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
There are _______ types of ___________
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: The __________ of ____________ and
_________________ between the ___________ and the _________ in the ___________.
INTERNAL RESPIRATION: The ____________ of ___________ between the
_____________ and the __________ of the body.
MAIN PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Each _________ is divided into sections called ___________. From the ___________,
_________ moves into smaller ___________ called _______________. Bronchioles are
divided into ___________ spaces called _____________.
THE ROLE OF THE DIAPHRAGM
__________ get their __________ from the ______________.
When you Inhale…… The diaphragm __________ and ___________, permitting the
lungs to __________ and fill with __________.
When you Exhale…… The diaphragm __________ and moves _________ squeezing the
__________ and _________ air out.
YOUR RESIRATORY SYSTEM
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PROBLEMS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
___________ is the most common ____________ disease suffered by ____________
people. Asthma ___________ are often triggered by an ______________ reaction to
______________ in the environment.
Other Problems of the Respiratory System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CARE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Knowing your areas Air Quality Index (
) can help you ___________ your
____________ health. On days when are quality is ___________, avoid ____________
activities.
Caring for Your Respiratory System
 Physical activity makes your lungs____________.
 Avoiding __________ smoke and _____________ air will keep your
___________ healthy.
 Protect yourself from ____________ infections.
LESSON 5 YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS):
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS):
NEURONS:
SOMATIC SYSTEM:
AUTONOMIC SYSTEM:
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBJ):
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YOUR BODY’S COMMAND CENTER
Your ____________ system controls all your body’s _____________.
PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The _________ main divisions of the nervous system are:
 The ____________ nervous system (
)
 The ______________ nervous system (
)
The ________ sends information it __________ to the ________▼
PNS
CNS
▲ The _____ examines the information , and then sends ___________ back to the
__________ on how to ___________.
↑
Messages are carried by means of __________ charges called __________.
The ___________ and __________ of impulses are called _____________.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The _______ parts of the ___________ nervous system are:
 The ______________
 The ____________ cord
Brain Facts
 Weighs ________ lbs and contains at least _________ billion neurons
 Allows you to _________ and _________ your movement
 Is involved in your __________ and everything you _____________
 Controls ______________ processes such as __________ and ____________
Spinal Cord Facts
 Is a column of _________ tissue about _______ inches _________ and as thick as
your _________ finger
 Protected by ___________, bones that make up the ___________
 Protected by ____________ that surrounds it, which acts like a __________
absorber
 Relays ____________ to and from the _________ and __________
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YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The _________ parts of the _______________ nervous system are:
 The ____________ system
 The _____________ system
PROBLEMS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Head injuries during sports or other activities can cause ___________ brain injury (
TBJ is the number ______ cause of __________ and ____________ in children and
young adults. Spinal ________ injuries from accidents can cause ___________ and
nerve _____________, or “ ___________ nerver.”
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM INCLUDE
1.
2.
3.
4.
CARE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Always wear ___________ head gear during sports or ___________ activities
such as skateboarding and bicycling.
 Always wear your ___________ belt when riding in a _________.
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).
 Get plenty of ___________.
 Avoid ____________ and other ___________.
LESSON 6 YOUR DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
VOCABULARY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
DIGESTION:
ENZYMES:
SALIVA:
SMALL INTESTINE:
EXECRETORY SYSTEM:
EXCREATION:
COLON:
KIDNEYS:
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The ____________ system begins in the __________ and finishes with the
____________ of used-up ___________ in the form of _____________. Digestion
involves both ___________ and _______________ processes. Mechanical processes
include ____________ and ___________ food into smaller pieces. The chemical process
involves ____________ food down into ____________ with digestive ______________.
Digestive enzymes ____________ up the breakdown of ___________.
THE MOUTH AND TEETH
When __________ buds on your tongue sense ___________, your mouth produces
____________. Saliva contains _____________ that begin breaking down the
_________ in you ____________.
THE STOMACH AND THE SMALL INTESTINE
The _____________ is a muscular _________ that pushes food down into the
___________ in a process called ______________. Peristalsis is a series of
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___________ waves that carry food ______________ along. Glands in the stomach wall
release ____________ juices, a blend of ______________ acid and enzymes. A
____________ stomach ____________ prevents hydrochloric acid from digesting the
___________ itself. Most of the _______________ takes place in the ___________
intestine. In the small intestine, ______________ are ____________ from the bulk of the
food before ____________ the bloodstream.
ORGANS THAT AID DIGESTION
LIVER: The liver produces _______, a substance that helps _________ down ________
GALLBLADDER: The gallbladder stores bile and ________ it into the __________
intestine as needed.
PANCREAS: The pancreas makes ___________ enzymes which are ____________
directly into the ___________ intestine.
YOUR DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
The _____________ system is responsible for _____________.
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THE PROCESS OF EXRETION
Food ______________ that cannot be ___________ move form the ____________
intestine to the ______________. The ___________ of the colon _____________ much
of the _______________ contained in the food particles. Some of the liquid __________
materials are ___________ out by the ___________ and leave the body as
_____________. Solid wastes products that remain are called __________ and leave the
body through the anus.
PROBLEMS OF THE DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
CARING OF THE DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LESSON 7 YOUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
VOCABULARY
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
GLAND:
PITUITARY GLAND:
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND GROWTH
Your _______________ system is responsible for the __________ growth you
experience during your __________ years.
PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is made up of ___________ located throughout the __________.
The pancreas is part of the ___________ system because it ____________ insulin. The
endocrine glands work by ______________ to signals from the __________ or from the
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____________ gland. The pituitary gland is located at the _____________ of the
__________, behind the ___________.
HORMONES
The ____________ secreted by the endocrine __________ are called _______________.
Each hormone has a specific ____________.
SELECTED GLANDS AND THE HORMONES THEY PRODUCE
GLAND
Adrenals
HORMONE
Parathyroids
Pineal body
Pituitary
Thyroid
THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO STRESS
WHEN THE BRAIN RECOGNIZES A STRESSFUL SITUATION, THE _________
GLANDS ___________ THE HORMONE __________________.







Heart rate ______________
Blood sugar ___________ ____________
Sweat production _____________
Digestion processes __________ ________
Blood flow to the brain _____________
Blood pressure ____________
Air passages _____________
PROBLEMS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM


Type 1 ____________ occurs when the __________ cannot ___________ enough
_____________.
Type 2 _____________ occurs when the _________ cannot _________ the
____________ it ____________ properly.
Overactive thyroid gland: Symptoms include __________ in the front of the _________,
_____________, increased swelling, and __________ loss.
Underactive thyroid gland: Symptoms include ________________, ____________,
weight ___________, _________ loss, and muscle and joint ___________.
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

When the __________ gland releases too much ___________ hormone, it can
result in a very _________ person.
When the pituitary _________ releases too little growth hormone, it can result in
a very _________ person.
CARE OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
WAYS TO CARE FOR YOU ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
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