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CH 16 YOUR BODY SYSTEMS LESSON 1 YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM VOCABULARY SKELATAL SYSTEM: MARROW: JOINT: CARTILAGE: TENDONS: LIGAMENTS: YOUR BODY’S FRAMEWORK The __________ system helps you stand up and works with your ____________ to help you ____________, ___________, _____________, ______________, ______________, and ____________. YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM 1 The skeletal system includes many _________ that _________ the ____________ and protect the ____________. The _____________ or __________ column, consist of ______ separate bones called _____________. FUNCTIONS OF YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS The skeletal system provides a ___________, stable __________ capable of __________. The skeletal system __________ and __________ delicate internal ______________. Bones store important ____________ such as ___________ and ________________. Bones _____________ the body’s _________ __________. Red bone __________ makes ____________ of blood ________ each day. JOINTS 2 Some __________ do not move. Others move only __________, and others allow a wide __________ of ______________. TYPES OF MOBILE JOINTS 1. 2. 3. 4. CONNECTIVE TISSUE At joints where movement __________, the bone _______________ are coated with __________, ____________ ____________. Tendons are another type of _____________ tissue. A large tendon that you can easily feel is your __________ tendon. ______________ help hold bones in ___________. PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL PROBLEM DESCRIPTION FRACTURE: DISLOCATION: SPRAIN: OVERUSE INJURY: SCOLIOSIS: OSTEOPOROSIS: CARING FOR YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM GOOD NUTRITION __________ and _________ dairy products contain ___________ and other nutrients that are _____________ to good health. REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE Regular ___________ increases ____________ mass. POSTURE Good ____________ keeps your ___________ healthy. 3 PROTECTING YOURSELF Use protective gear when playing ___________, _________________, or in line __________. LESSON 2 YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM VOCABULARY MUSCULAR SYSTEM: SKELETAL MUSCLES: SMOOTH MUSCLES: CARDIAC MUSCLES: YOUR MUSCLES Your ____________ system contains many ___________ that perform different ______________. YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM 4 TYPES OF MUSCLES _____________ muscles are the _____________ part of the body’s _______________ system. Skeletal muscles are ________________. The ___________, ___________, and ____________ are all composed of _____________ muscles. Smooth muscles are ______________. ______________ muscles work _________________, even when you __________. Cardiac muscles are _______________. HOW MUSCLES WORK There are _______ basic and ___________ actions that account for ________ muscle ______________. CONTRACTION: The ___________ of muscle ___________. EXTENSION: The _____________ of muscle _____________. Muscle ______________ is triggered by ______________. PROBLEMS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Muscle __________ is caused by small _________ in a ___________ or ____________. Strains usually occur in ___________ muscles that have been ______________. Muscular _____________ is an ______________ disease, and causes _____________ muscle tissue to gradually ___________ away. CARE OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM “Use it or lose it” Regular ___________ helps maintain __________ tension in muscle __________, called muscle ____________. Regular ____________ also keeps the ___________ muscles healthy. _________ well Warm up __________ exercising or ____________ sports. Cool down _________ exercising or ____________sports. Use _________ or sports equipment ___________. Lift _________ objects ___________. LESSON 3 YOUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VOCABULARY CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: CELL RESPIRATION: 5 ARTERIES: VEINS: CAPILLARIES: THE BODY’S TRANSPORT SYSTEM The ________ is the main _________ of the ______________ system. CIRCULATION AND THE BODY’S CELLS Your _____________ system is made up of your __________, ___________ ____________, and ____________. The body’s cells ___________ from the circulatory system through ___________ respiration. YOUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 6 CIRCULATION AND THE BODY’S CELLS Blood picks up __________ from the ____________ system and ________ from the lungs. ▼ Blood ____________ nutrients and ___________ to the body’s __________. ▼ Cells use the ______________ and _______________. ▼ Cells create __________ products, including ______________ dioxide. ▼ Blood ________ up wastes and ___________ them to the __________, _________, and _________ for removal. BLOOD LIQUID Called ___________ Composed of ____ % water SOLID Composed of mostly ______ blood cells and cell parts called ____________. Red blood cells carry __________ to cells and _________ dioxide away from them. White ________ cells carry germ ___________ from the ____________ system to needy areas of the body. _____________ help ________ blood at the site of the _____________. BLOOD VESSELS __________ types of blood vessels are ____________, ____________, and ______________. GIVING AND RECEIVING BLOOD Blood can be replaced by means of __________________. Doctors need to make sure that the __________ type of the injured person _____________ the blood type of the ____________ blood. FOUR MAIN BLOOD TYPES 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 The Food and Drug Administration ( ) is responsible for ___________ organizations that __________ and ___________ donated blood. All ___________ blood is _________ for _________ and other diseases. PROBLEMS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PROBLEMS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CARE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Be ______________ active Decrease _________ intake and increase ___________ fiber Don’t use ____________ products Learn to ____________ stress LESSON 4 YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM VOCABULARY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: RESPIRATION: BRONCHI: ALVEOLI: DIAPHRAGM: ASTHMA: AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI): BREATHING Breathing is a ___________ of your ______________ system. A person can only __________ a _________ minutes without ____________. 8 FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM There are _______ types of ___________ EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: The __________ of ____________ and _________________ between the ___________ and the _________ in the ___________. INTERNAL RESPIRATION: The ____________ of ___________ between the _____________ and the __________ of the body. MAIN PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Each _________ is divided into sections called ___________. From the ___________, _________ moves into smaller ___________ called _______________. Bronchioles are divided into ___________ spaces called _____________. THE ROLE OF THE DIAPHRAGM __________ get their __________ from the ______________. When you Inhale…… The diaphragm __________ and ___________, permitting the lungs to __________ and fill with __________. When you Exhale…… The diaphragm __________ and moves _________ squeezing the __________ and _________ air out. YOUR RESIRATORY SYSTEM 9 PROBLEMS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ___________ is the most common ____________ disease suffered by ____________ people. Asthma ___________ are often triggered by an ______________ reaction to ______________ in the environment. Other Problems of the Respiratory System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CARE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Knowing your areas Air Quality Index ( ) can help you ___________ your ____________ health. On days when are quality is ___________, avoid ____________ activities. Caring for Your Respiratory System Physical activity makes your lungs____________. Avoiding __________ smoke and _____________ air will keep your ___________ healthy. Protect yourself from ____________ infections. LESSON 5 YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM VOCABULARY NERVOUS SYSTEM: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS): PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS): NEURONS: SOMATIC SYSTEM: AUTONOMIC SYSTEM: TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBJ): 10 YOUR BODY’S COMMAND CENTER Your ____________ system controls all your body’s _____________. PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The _________ main divisions of the nervous system are: The ____________ nervous system ( ) The ______________ nervous system ( ) The ________ sends information it __________ to the ________▼ PNS CNS ▲ The _____ examines the information , and then sends ___________ back to the __________ on how to ___________. ↑ Messages are carried by means of __________ charges called __________. The ___________ and __________ of impulses are called _____________. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The _______ parts of the ___________ nervous system are: The ______________ The ____________ cord Brain Facts Weighs ________ lbs and contains at least _________ billion neurons Allows you to _________ and _________ your movement Is involved in your __________ and everything you _____________ Controls ______________ processes such as __________ and ____________ Spinal Cord Facts Is a column of _________ tissue about _______ inches _________ and as thick as your _________ finger Protected by ___________, bones that make up the ___________ Protected by ____________ that surrounds it, which acts like a __________ absorber Relays ____________ to and from the _________ and __________ 11 YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The _________ parts of the _______________ nervous system are: The ____________ system The _____________ system PROBLEMS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Head injuries during sports or other activities can cause ___________ brain injury ( TBJ is the number ______ cause of __________ and ____________ in children and young adults. Spinal ________ injuries from accidents can cause ___________ and nerve _____________, or “ ___________ nerver.” DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM INCLUDE 1. 2. 3. 4. CARE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Always wear ___________ head gear during sports or ___________ activities such as skateboarding and bicycling. Always wear your ___________ belt when riding in a _________. 12 ). Get plenty of ___________. Avoid ____________ and other ___________. LESSON 6 YOUR DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS VOCABULARY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: DIGESTION: ENZYMES: SALIVA: SMALL INTESTINE: EXECRETORY SYSTEM: EXCREATION: COLON: KIDNEYS: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The ____________ system begins in the __________ and finishes with the ____________ of used-up ___________ in the form of _____________. Digestion involves both ___________ and _______________ processes. Mechanical processes include ____________ and ___________ food into smaller pieces. The chemical process involves ____________ food down into ____________ with digestive ______________. Digestive enzymes ____________ up the breakdown of ___________. THE MOUTH AND TEETH When __________ buds on your tongue sense ___________, your mouth produces ____________. Saliva contains _____________ that begin breaking down the _________ in you ____________. THE STOMACH AND THE SMALL INTESTINE The _____________ is a muscular _________ that pushes food down into the ___________ in a process called ______________. Peristalsis is a series of 13 ___________ waves that carry food ______________ along. Glands in the stomach wall release ____________ juices, a blend of ______________ acid and enzymes. A ____________ stomach ____________ prevents hydrochloric acid from digesting the ___________ itself. Most of the _______________ takes place in the ___________ intestine. In the small intestine, ______________ are ____________ from the bulk of the food before ____________ the bloodstream. ORGANS THAT AID DIGESTION LIVER: The liver produces _______, a substance that helps _________ down ________ GALLBLADDER: The gallbladder stores bile and ________ it into the __________ intestine as needed. PANCREAS: The pancreas makes ___________ enzymes which are ____________ directly into the ___________ intestine. YOUR DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM The _____________ system is responsible for _____________. 14 THE PROCESS OF EXRETION Food ______________ that cannot be ___________ move form the ____________ intestine to the ______________. The ___________ of the colon _____________ much of the _______________ contained in the food particles. Some of the liquid __________ materials are ___________ out by the ___________ and leave the body as _____________. Solid wastes products that remain are called __________ and leave the body through the anus. PROBLEMS OF THE DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CARING OF THE DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. LESSON 7 YOUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM VOCABULARY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: GLAND: PITUITARY GLAND: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND GROWTH Your _______________ system is responsible for the __________ growth you experience during your __________ years. PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine system is made up of ___________ located throughout the __________. The pancreas is part of the ___________ system because it ____________ insulin. The endocrine glands work by ______________ to signals from the __________ or from the 15 ____________ gland. The pituitary gland is located at the _____________ of the __________, behind the ___________. HORMONES The ____________ secreted by the endocrine __________ are called _______________. Each hormone has a specific ____________. SELECTED GLANDS AND THE HORMONES THEY PRODUCE GLAND Adrenals HORMONE Parathyroids Pineal body Pituitary Thyroid THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO STRESS WHEN THE BRAIN RECOGNIZES A STRESSFUL SITUATION, THE _________ GLANDS ___________ THE HORMONE __________________. Heart rate ______________ Blood sugar ___________ ____________ Sweat production _____________ Digestion processes __________ ________ Blood flow to the brain _____________ Blood pressure ____________ Air passages _____________ PROBLEMS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Type 1 ____________ occurs when the __________ cannot ___________ enough _____________. Type 2 _____________ occurs when the _________ cannot _________ the ____________ it ____________ properly. Overactive thyroid gland: Symptoms include __________ in the front of the _________, _____________, increased swelling, and __________ loss. Underactive thyroid gland: Symptoms include ________________, ____________, weight ___________, _________ loss, and muscle and joint ___________. 16 When the __________ gland releases too much ___________ hormone, it can result in a very _________ person. When the pituitary _________ releases too little growth hormone, it can result in a very _________ person. CARE OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WAYS TO CARE FOR YOU ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 17