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Imagining strange new lifeforms could help us discover our own
Imagining strange new lifeforms could help us discover our own

... But there are now extensive examples of how natural processes on Earth can convert simple molecules into these building blocks. Scientists have demonstrated in the lab how to make amino acids, simple sugars, lipids and even nucleotides – the basic units of DNA – from very simple chemicals, under con ...
Biosensors as alarm systems for drinking and
Biosensors as alarm systems for drinking and

... is detectable in less than three minutes. ...
Cell Structure
Cell Structure

... - in the cell wall, there are around 2000 parallel cellulose molecules, which are packed to form “microfibrils” - there, in turn, are bundled together to form “fibrils” - the structure is like fibre glass – in the sense that the cell wall has great strength – due to the many strong fibres and “glue” ...
Parts are Parts! And together they are life
Parts are Parts! And together they are life

... spanning out from the nucleus. The rough ER is dotted with ribosomes and is often an industrial complex for protein production. The smooth ER, a site where some of the proteins produced do their job, is where detoxification, materials processing and lipid synthesis occur. ...
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4

... – Name scientists who first observed living and non living cells. – Summarize research that led to cell theory. – State 3 principles of Cell Theory – Explain why cells are basic units of life ...
Cell Transport Video Recap
Cell Transport Video Recap

... diffusion, (F) facilitated diffusion, or (A) active transport. 8. _____ For water to travel across the cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein channels known as aquaporins. 9. _____ While water molecules are polar, they are also very small. One fact not mentio ...
1-3 Studying Life
1-3 Studying Life

... 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is TRUE about cells. a. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that is considered alive. b. A multicellular organism may contain trillions of cells. c. A living thing that consists of a single cell is a multicellular organism. d. Organisms are made up o ...
Microsoft Word - Cell Organelle Homework
Microsoft Word - Cell Organelle Homework

... Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria ...
1-3_studying_life
1-3_studying_life

... 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is TRUE about cells. a. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that is considered alive. b. A multicellular organism may contain trillions of cells. c. A living thing that consists of a single cell is a multicellular organism. d. Organisms are made up o ...
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function

... given different carbohydrate "tags." 2. Proteins are sorted in the Golgi apparatus. ...
Cell functions
Cell functions

... Helps cell maintain shape Allows for movement of organelles throughout cell ...
Cell organelles
Cell organelles

... Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. There are two types of ER. When ribosomes are attached it is called rough ER and smooth ER when there are no ribosomes attached. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where most protein synthesis occurs in t ...
Scavenger Hunt
Scavenger Hunt

... 6. This organelle is sometimes referred to as the packaging center of the  cell.  It accepts vesicles from the ER containing proteins, modifies the  proteins then repackages them into new vesicles for transport.  7. This organelle has its own double layer membrane surrounding it as  the most importa ...
Unit 2 pairs test answer key True/False 1. T 2. T 3. F
Unit 2 pairs test answer key True/False 1. T 2. T 3. F

... is increases by folded membranes. Folded membranes can be used to make compartments. They also can be used to make canals for transport of substances. ...
The importance of penicillin
The importance of penicillin

... open sore and multiply. The infection would spread throughout your body, destroying the cells and could eventually kill you. Alexander Fleming had been studying bacteria for some time; how they grow larger and divide in two. A single bacterium can become two in as little as twenty minutes. Then two ...
anilox parameters - Cheshire Anilox Technology
anilox parameters - Cheshire Anilox Technology

... as measured along the engraving angle (because that is where the cells line up in closest proximity to each other). L/cm stands for lines per centimetre L/in stands for lines per inch, this refers to the number of cells per lineal inch L/cm is used in Europe while North American OEMs use L/in. To co ...
The Cell - Biology
The Cell - Biology

... •  Clusters of microtubules slide against each other and bend the cilia or flagella ...
Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Section 1: The History of Cell
Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Section 1: The History of Cell

... i. As organisms evolved, their cells became more specialized and eventually were unable to survive independently ii. Groups of cells took on specific roles 1. Groups of cells functioning together are called a tissue 2. Groups of tissues functioning together to perform a particular job are called org ...
using the compound microscope to study animal and plant cells
using the compound microscope to study animal and plant cells

... Epithelial cells from the inner cheek Methylene blue (a dye) Procedure 1. Place a drop of methylene blue solution on a clean slide. Run the end of a toothpick carefully over the inside of your cheek and place the material in the dye on the slide, mixing it up a little. Gently add a cover slip and ex ...
How does the process of diffusion and the structure of the cell
How does the process of diffusion and the structure of the cell

... they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. What do we mean by concentration? The amount of a substance ...
“White” Fibrous Tissue
“White” Fibrous Tissue

... material in larynx, trachea, bronchi; fetal skeleton; end of the nose ...
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells (and viruses)
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells (and viruses)

... ATP – the “battery” of the cell  Breaking a bond in ATP releases energy  Can “pump” molecules from low to high concentration building them up in the cell ...
Introduction to Cells
Introduction to Cells

... All living things are composed of cells. All cells are surrounded by an outer membrane. The cell is the smallest unit that retains the properties of life. Under current conditions, all cells come from pre-existing cells. All cells DO have an outer membrane (called the plasma membrane), but this obse ...
Homeostasis (Active and Passive Transport)
Homeostasis (Active and Passive Transport)

... This doesn’t often happen because cells in the body of multicellular organisms are protected from fresh water, and are instead bathed in isotonic fluids such as blood In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane: so even when the cell swells, the walls prevent it from bursting/expanding too ...
(1.2) Cell Division (p22-27)
(1.2) Cell Division (p22-27)

... created - each cell is identical to the original cell The set of instructions each cell inherits is stored in a unique molecule called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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