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Cancer
Cancer

... tumours so lethal is their ability to metastasize -that is, establish new tumour sites at other locations throughout the body. Secondary tumours. • Metastasis is now underway, as tumour cells from the original cancer growth travel throughout the body. Most of these cells will die soon after entering ...
Gas Exchange at Cellular Level
Gas Exchange at Cellular Level

... abundance of erythropoietin: a hormone that makes new red blood cells – In high altitudes, one needs the most efficiency of oxygen delivery as possible; an abundance of red blood cells is necessary ...
The snail - IES Valle del Cidacos
The snail - IES Valle del Cidacos

... and leave. It s continously opening and closing to let the entrance or don t allow the exit of the air. ...
Neurocytology 2
Neurocytology 2

... o Processes isolate synapses and synaptic complexes (ie. synaptic glomerulus) o Buffer K+ (acting as a K+ sink) from extracellular space immediately after depolarization; helps restore transmembrane potential BBB Formation and Maintenance: o Tight junctions between adjacent endothelial cells of brai ...
Cells & Their Functions
Cells & Their Functions

... that can enter the castle, he or she was allowing the castle walls to be selectively permeable. • Because the cell membrane allows some materials to pass through and is impervious to others it is selectively permeable. ...
Details on Cell Theory/Spontaneous Generation/History
Details on Cell Theory/Spontaneous Generation/History

... • We call this process “abiogenesis” (also called spontaneous generation). • They didn’t know about microscopic life such as bacteria, or even how many organisms reproduced. • Biogenesis - the theory that states that only living things can give rise to other living things. This is the theory we acce ...
Cells - Junctions and Transport
Cells - Junctions and Transport

... • Cells are bathed in an extracellular fluid called interstitial fluid. – Derived from the blood. – Contains thousands of ingredients • Amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, waste products, etc. ...


... This figure illustrates a typical human cell (eukaryote) and a typical bacterium (prokaryote). The drawing on the left highlights the internal structures of eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus (light blue), the nucleolus (intermediate blue), mitochondria (orange), and ribosomes (dark blue). The ...
Homeostasis and Cell Transport
Homeostasis and Cell Transport

... Plant roots are typically always in a hypotonic environment. This is important to the survival of the organism. Water moves into the roots by osmosis and the cells swell (where is the water stored?) When it fills with water, the cell membrane swells and pushes up against the cell wall; this pressure ...
Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

... direct contact with its particular environment (the nutrient-rich intestinal fluid of a vertebrate host). For a more complex body plan, increasing the number of cells decreases the ratio of outer surface area to total volume. Thus, specialized surfaces that are extensively branched or folded facilit ...
Document
Document

...  Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate extracellular matrix (ECM)  The ECM is made up of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin  ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins  The ECM has an influential role in the l ...
AnimalCellLabels.1.2
AnimalCellLabels.1.2

... nine tubes each with three tubules. *Not in plant cells. Mitochondria are the second largest organelles. They have two membranes (not one as in other organelles). The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it. The inner membrane folds (cristae) over many times increasing the ...
Chapter Excerpt
Chapter Excerpt

... and nervous systems) and the body processes involved will help you develop a safe and efficient fitness program. In this competency section (1.0) we will take a brief look at how the body functions work together to enable physical activity. MUSCULAR SYSTEM The function of the muscular system is to p ...
Science Living Systems Millionaire
Science Living Systems Millionaire

... C - water found in xylem D - water found in phloem ...
Early Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment through the Detection of
Early Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment through the Detection of

... not. In the absence of PNA, both wild-type and mutant cell lines showed amplification. An agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed this result. As low as one mutant in presence of 100,000 wild-type genes was detected. ...
Respiratory and Excretory Systems
Respiratory and Excretory Systems

... Insects, Reptiles, Birds – excrete uric acid as insoluble crystals that will not dissolve in water. c. Human/Mammals – have kidneys that excrete urea, H2O, and salts in urine. ...
Unit E Microbiology in Agriscience and Production Agriculture
Unit E Microbiology in Agriscience and Production Agriculture

... products to lower human cholesterol Bioremediation o Use of bacteria that consume  Example- bacteria used to “ ” oil from tanker spills, or excess organic nutrients from animal waste Biocontrol o Use of beneficial bacteria in horticulture to kill harmful bacteria in soil, water and on plant surface ...
Original
Original

... 1. What is organization and cells? Organization is the high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world. For example, an owl is an amazingly organized individual. Owls of the same species have the same body parts arranged in nearly t ...
2 Cell Diversity
2 Cell Diversity

... Most prokaryotic cells are extremely small (approximately 1 to 2 µm in diameter). Most are heterotrophic, depending on preformed food, but some are autotrophic and make their own food. Morphologically, bacteria are either round (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), or spiral-shaped (spirillum). To view t ...
Lab 2: Cell Diversity
Lab 2: Cell Diversity

... Most prokaryotic cells are extremely small (approximately 1 to 2 µm in diameter). Most are heterotrophic, depending on preformed food, but some are autotrophic and make their own food. Morphologically, bacteria are either round (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), or spiral-shaped (spirillum). To view t ...
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY

... collagen: structural, fiber-like protein produced by sponges as well as many other organisms within the animal kingdom. colony: many organisms of the same species living together in such a way that individuals perform specialized tasks to ensure the overall survival of the colony. digestion: the che ...
Full Content Review
Full Content Review

... energy from light, water, and carbon dioxide • Where: Happens in the chloroplast • When: all the time – there are reactions that require light (day) and reactions that do not ...
Lysosomes
Lysosomes

... The name peroxisome refers to the hydrogen peroxide produced as a by-product of the activities of the oxidative enzymes in the microbody. Hydrogen peroxide is dangerous of cells because of its violent chemical reactivity. However peroxisomes also contain the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrog ...
Clever Cattle Parasite Captures Cell Division Machinery
Clever Cattle Parasite Captures Cell Division Machinery

... parts of the host cell’s division machinery. Through this mechanism, the parasite gets treated much like the host’s own chromosomes, so that the parasitic super-cell gets neatly divided in two for delivery to each daughter cell. During the host cell’s normal cell division cycle, known as mitosis, lo ...
sample exam questions
sample exam questions

... B. The mixed culture, while clearly showing growth, did not increase as rapidly as you estimated based on growth rates for the isolated strains, suggesting that one or both of the strains, when grown together, have a decreased generation time C. The mixed culture increased in number more rapidly tha ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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