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Beyond the meristems: similarities in the
Beyond the meristems: similarities in the

... and Simon, 2012). Once formed, the AZ cells can remain in a quiescent, non-dividing state in some plant species for several months, before specific inter and intracellular signalling events initiate the abscission process, which can include cell division prior to cell wall dissolution (Van Doorm and ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function HUMAN SKIN HUMAN
Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function HUMAN SKIN HUMAN

... For centuries, scientists had no idea that the human body consists of tril–lions of cells. Cells are so small that their existence was unknown before the invention of the microscope. In 1665, as indicated in Figure 7.1, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made a simple microscope and looked at a ...
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine

... whereas in untreated and putrescine- or spermidinetreated cultures, cells lost their motility before cell division (data not shown; for references, see Harris, 1989). These findings indicate that spermine affects the transition from the G1 to the S phase. In this context, it is important to know tha ...
1)Yang, X., Dormann, D., Münsterberg, A. E., and Weijer - ICB-USP
1)Yang, X., Dormann, D., Münsterberg, A. E., and Weijer - ICB-USP

... (C) Whole-mount picture of an embryo similar to the one shown in (A) and (B). (D) Transverse section through the embryo showing that the labeled cells end up mainly in the lateral mesoderm. (E–G) Movement trajectories of cells transplanted to the posterior streak during the first 150 min (E) and ove ...
File
File

... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of ...
Cytoplasmic Action In Development - Works
Cytoplasmic Action In Development - Works

... wrote(1955, p. 247) that"geneticistswill continue to worryabout the problem of genetic action and take the risk of climbing over the fenceerected by some jealous embryologists, who, while claiming the kingdom for themselves, do not set out to till its soil." C. H. Waddington began reintroducing embr ...
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina

... Figure 2. ATP release from glial cells inhibits retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (a) An intracellular recording from a RGC that displays spontaneous spiking. Stimulation of glial cells by ATPgS ejection results in prolonged hyperpolarization of the RGC and inhibition of spiking. From Newman [9]. (b) M ...
The Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and
The Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and

... then replaced with complete, nonradioactive medium, and the cells were grown for 16 h at 37 °C before harvesting. For reference, other samples were labeled for 2 h with [35S]methionine in the presence of cycloheximide and then immediately harvested. Analysis of Mitochondrial Ribosomes and Polysomes— ...
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory

... harvest 10 billion hPSC-CMs, which is the number estimated from primate studies to be required for transplantation to restore function into the infarcted human heart of a single patient [29]. In an effort to develop mass enrichment strategies that do not require bespoke genetic modification approache ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
Population Biology of Lymphocytes

... immediate surroundings to ensure survival and replication. With time, single cell individuals evolved to give rise to multicellular organisms. In these complex individuals, each cell is still imprinted with the same primordial program for selfreplication and survival (2). An hierarchical organizatio ...
Biological Activities of Compounds Produced by Microorganisms
Biological Activities of Compounds Produced by Microorganisms

... the isolation and identification of compounds with potential use as bio-fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides, as well as potential immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents [2,3]. It is worth noting that the techniques based on analysis of cell extracts have significant limitations ...
Nance et al gastrulation paper - The Hardin Lab
Nance et al gastrulation paper - The Hardin Lab

... basic strategies that establish the anterior-posterior and dorsalventral axes. Axis specification in C. elegans embryos begins with fertilization of the egg, where the point of sperm entry defines the posterior pole (Goldstein and Hird, 1996). Fertilization induces the association of a group of prot ...
Regulated appearance of NMDA receptor subunits and channel
Regulated appearance of NMDA receptor subunits and channel

... NR1 and NR2 subunit expression reflects both regional determination and temporal shifts in development (Watanabe et al., 1992; Laurie and Seeburg, 1994; Monyer et al., 1994). NR2B and NR2D mRNAs are expressed predominantly in the embryonic brain. NR2A mRNAs appear in the entire brain after birth, wh ...
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function

... The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cells vary in their shape size, and arrangements but all cells have similar components, each with a particular function. Some of the 100 trillion of cells make up human body. All human cell are microscopic in size, shape and func ...
Bellairs pm6.5 - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
Bellairs pm6.5 - The International Journal of Developmental Biology

Gene Section SEMA3F (sema domain, immunoglobulin domain 3F)
Gene Section SEMA3F (sema domain, immunoglobulin domain 3F)

... They can be either transmembranous, GPI-anchored to the plasma membrane, or secreted. The hallmark of semaphorins is the Sema domain in their N-terminal part, that is characterized by approximately 500 amino acids with 14 to 16 cysteines. The extracellular domain is highly conserved among semaphorin ...
4-4 Connective Tissue
4-4 Connective Tissue

... © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Sorting between the ER and Golgi
Sorting between the ER and Golgi

... concentration within, newly forming transport carriers. In particular, ts-045-G has been widely used as a model protein for these studies, as it can be accumulated within the ER at 39.5°C and released as a relatively synchronous wave of transport at the permissive temperature 31°C (LippincottSchwart ...
Tropism of human cytomegalovirus for endothelial cells is
Tropism of human cytomegalovirus for endothelial cells is

AMP-activated protein kinase induces apoptosis in LX2 cell
AMP-activated protein kinase induces apoptosis in LX2 cell

... apoptosis of several kinds of cells, such as rat liver cells, MIN6 cells and human neuroblastoma cells, but little is known regarding this matter in HSCs. ...
Membrane Trafficking During Plant Cytokinesis
Membrane Trafficking During Plant Cytokinesis

... the PM-ATPase (37). Consistent with this, adl1A mutants display cell-type specific defects in the polarized growth and endocytosis (Kang and Bednarek, unpublished). These results suggest that during cytokinesis ADL1A may function in the formation of cell-plate transport vesicles and in the recycling ...
characterization of adult and embryonic stem cell proliferation
characterization of adult and embryonic stem cell proliferation

Lysosome File
Lysosome File

... vesicle formation, whereas the Mannose-6-receptor is necessary for sorting Hydrolase into the Lysosome's lumen. ...
Research Area - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Research Area - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

... changes in hBE cells in health and disease. Finally, we already have RNA samples for 2 of the seven sets of experiments in hand, which is compatible with the goal of the ARRA to quickly increase the use of Core facilities, create new hires and generate novel data that accelerates the pace of scient ...
File - Mizzou Pre
File - Mizzou Pre

... nucleus are the maker of ribosomes (rRNA). rRNA is synth’d in nucleolus + ribosomal proteins imported from cytoplasm = ribosomal subunits form; these subunits are exported to the cytoplasm for final assembly into complete ribosome . Nucleus bound by double layer nuclear envelope w/ nuclear pores fo ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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