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... Four sequence 59 elements are included for protection and control. Applications include the following: ➤ Transformer bank single-phasing trip schemes. ➤ Delta-load back-feed detection scheme for deadline recloser control. ➤ Independently settable positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence overvoltage e ...
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Islanding

Islanding refers to the condition in which a distributed generator (DG) continues to power a location even though electrical grid power from the electric utility is no longer present. Islanding can be dangerous to utility workers, who may not realize that a circuit is still powered, and it may prevent automatic re-connection of devices. For that reason, distributed generators must detect islanding and immediately stop producing power; this is referred to as anti-islanding.The common example of islanding is a grid supply line that has solar panels attached to it. In the case of a blackout, the solar panels will continue to deliver power as long as irradiance is sufficient. In this case, the supply line becomes an ""island"" with power surrounded by a ""sea"" of unpowered lines. For this reason, solar inverters that are designed to supply power to the grid are generally required to have some sort of automatic anti-islanding circuitry in them.In intentional islanding, the generator disconnects from the grid, and forces the distributed generator to power the local circuit. This is often used as a power backup system for buildings that normally sell their excess power to the grid.
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