After Kyoto: Approaches to Climate Change Mitigation Post-2012
... 2%. The IEA forecasts that global emissions of GHGs in 2030, based on existing policies, would be 60% higher than in 20026. Even under an “alternative policy scenario”, in which governments commit to significant environmental action, global emissions would rise 33% by 2030. Recent research by the UK ...
... 2%. The IEA forecasts that global emissions of GHGs in 2030, based on existing policies, would be 60% higher than in 20026. Even under an “alternative policy scenario”, in which governments commit to significant environmental action, global emissions would rise 33% by 2030. Recent research by the UK ...
Carbon Disclosure Project Report
... Group Five is working towards the development of emission reduction targets for its fixed sites. It is anticipated that absolute emissions could be reduced by as much as 3% over the next five years, with 2012 as a base year. Whilst it is more complex to anticipate changes in absolute emissions for G ...
... Group Five is working towards the development of emission reduction targets for its fixed sites. It is anticipated that absolute emissions could be reduced by as much as 3% over the next five years, with 2012 as a base year. Whilst it is more complex to anticipate changes in absolute emissions for G ...
The true cost of fossil fuels: Externality cost assessment
... (SCC). These costs have been reviewed in some depth in the literature (DEFRA, 2007; Anthoff and Tol, 2013; US Government, 2013). The values are based on the discounted costs arising from a tonne of CO2 over the long term and therefore are sensitive to the discount rate adopted. The higher the discou ...
... (SCC). These costs have been reviewed in some depth in the literature (DEFRA, 2007; Anthoff and Tol, 2013; US Government, 2013). The values are based on the discounted costs arising from a tonne of CO2 over the long term and therefore are sensitive to the discount rate adopted. The higher the discou ...
Global mechanisms for sustaining and enhancing PES schemes ⁎ Josh Farley
... with recipients chosen by centralized organizations, and the information required to decide between competing proposals is immense. Grant writing skills may play as much of a role in determining what projects are funded as the quality of the project itself, and transaction costs can be very high. An ...
... with recipients chosen by centralized organizations, and the information required to decide between competing proposals is immense. Grant writing skills may play as much of a role in determining what projects are funded as the quality of the project itself, and transaction costs can be very high. An ...
México, parte del Protocolo de Kyoto
... divided into “assigned amount units” (AAUs). • Emissions trading allows countries that have emission units to spare - emissions permitted them but not "used" - to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets. ...
... divided into “assigned amount units” (AAUs). • Emissions trading allows countries that have emission units to spare - emissions permitted them but not "used" - to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets. ...
PDF
... The growing attention to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process of fossil fuel--based energy production is expressed in the Kyoto Protocol, which prescribes, on average, a 7 percent reduction in GHG emissions for developed countries. Although Israel was not included in t ...
... The growing attention to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process of fossil fuel--based energy production is expressed in the Kyoto Protocol, which prescribes, on average, a 7 percent reduction in GHG emissions for developed countries. Although Israel was not included in t ...
![[LSE COPY]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008799154_1-8283355e41dc631201cd6854f3516621-300x300.png)
[LSE COPY]
... relationship in respect of those costs with those who bear them. These social costs are real, but external to the market, and so play no part in a private investment decision, which may well, then, be wrong from a social perspective which takes all private and social costs into account. For Pigou, f ...
... relationship in respect of those costs with those who bear them. These social costs are real, but external to the market, and so play no part in a private investment decision, which may well, then, be wrong from a social perspective which takes all private and social costs into account. For Pigou, f ...
Revised text - Harvard Kennedy School
... hopeless stalemate: Nothing much can happen without the United States, the United States will not proceed unless China and other developing countries start at the same time, and China will not start until after the rich countries have gone first. There is only one possible solution, only one knife-e ...
... hopeless stalemate: Nothing much can happen without the United States, the United States will not proceed unless China and other developing countries start at the same time, and China will not start until after the rich countries have gone first. There is only one possible solution, only one knife-e ...
Climate Stabilization at 2°C and Net Zero Carbon Emissions
... Abstract: The goal to stabilize global average surface temperature at lower than 2°C above pre-industrial level has been extensively discussed in climate negotiations. A number of publications state that achieving this goal will require net anthropogenic carbon emissions (defined as anthropogenic em ...
... Abstract: The goal to stabilize global average surface temperature at lower than 2°C above pre-industrial level has been extensively discussed in climate negotiations. A number of publications state that achieving this goal will require net anthropogenic carbon emissions (defined as anthropogenic em ...
Australian Climate Policy Survey
... Carbon Pricing: The Paris Agreement’s Key Ingredient Report April 2016, International Emissions Trading Association ...
... Carbon Pricing: The Paris Agreement’s Key Ingredient Report April 2016, International Emissions Trading Association ...
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... analysts have noted that allowance distribution, particularly the allocation of allowances at no cost to affected facilities, has been critical in gaining political acceptance for the emissions trading concept (Stavins 1998, Ellerman 2005). Third, authors have emphasized the importance of strong mon ...
... analysts have noted that allowance distribution, particularly the allocation of allowances at no cost to affected facilities, has been critical in gaining political acceptance for the emissions trading concept (Stavins 1998, Ellerman 2005). Third, authors have emphasized the importance of strong mon ...
Carbon prices for the next thousand years
... particular electricity generation technologies.8 The relevance of time-declining pure discounting for climate policy evaluations has been recognized before. Nordhaus (1999) and Mastrandrea and Schneider (2001) include hyperbolic discounting in an integrated-assessment model assuming that the curren ...
... particular electricity generation technologies.8 The relevance of time-declining pure discounting for climate policy evaluations has been recognized before. Nordhaus (1999) and Mastrandrea and Schneider (2001) include hyperbolic discounting in an integrated-assessment model assuming that the curren ...
new zealand`s greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2013 snapshot
... Between 1990 and 2013, agriculture emissions increased 14 percent. Although agriculture was New Zealand’s largest emitting sector in 2013, the emissions intensity of New Zealand’s agricultural production has declined since 1990. Agricultural productivity has increased due to improvements in technolo ...
... Between 1990 and 2013, agriculture emissions increased 14 percent. Although agriculture was New Zealand’s largest emitting sector in 2013, the emissions intensity of New Zealand’s agricultural production has declined since 1990. Agricultural productivity has increased due to improvements in technolo ...
UK climate change policy and legislation
... from 2012. International aviation and shipping emissions are not currently included in the UK’s reduction targets. Government must decide whether to include them by the end of 2012 or explain to Parliament why it has not been done • Network Rail is funded to deliver over £200 million in Strategic F ...
... from 2012. International aviation and shipping emissions are not currently included in the UK’s reduction targets. Government must decide whether to include them by the end of 2012 or explain to Parliament why it has not been done • Network Rail is funded to deliver over £200 million in Strategic F ...
COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS - CAR-SPAW-RAC
... The cost of conserving CMEs as a means to reduce GHG emissions relative to other emissions reduction approaches (such as energy efficiency or alternative energy generation) is less clear. As nations struggle to reduce GHG emissions, it has become apparent that targets and commitments cannot be met t ...
... The cost of conserving CMEs as a means to reduce GHG emissions relative to other emissions reduction approaches (such as energy efficiency or alternative energy generation) is less clear. As nations struggle to reduce GHG emissions, it has become apparent that targets and commitments cannot be met t ...
Forests, Agriculture, and Climate: Economics and
... impossible to imagine ways to absorb and store this much excess carbon. But it is also true that non-industrial areas including land use, forestry, and agriculture account for about 30% of emissions. Agriculture and forestry hold significant potential for storing excess carbon – not enough to solve ...
... impossible to imagine ways to absorb and store this much excess carbon. But it is also true that non-industrial areas including land use, forestry, and agriculture account for about 30% of emissions. Agriculture and forestry hold significant potential for storing excess carbon – not enough to solve ...
Foreign Action, Domestic Windfall
... These SCC estimates aim to reflect the full global costs of any additional ton of greenhouse gases released from any source anywhere in the world—or, conversely, the full global benefits of any avoided emissions.15 Importantly, while developed for use in U.S. regulatory policy, these SCC estimates ...
... These SCC estimates aim to reflect the full global costs of any additional ton of greenhouse gases released from any source anywhere in the world—or, conversely, the full global benefits of any avoided emissions.15 Importantly, while developed for use in U.S. regulatory policy, these SCC estimates ...
Paper - System Dynamics Society
... were declining, but atmospheric CO2 was increasing. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gasses that trap part of the infrared waves the re-radiate from the surface of the earth. This “greenhouse effect” tends to cause higher temperatures. But average global temperatures were falling, not rising. This puzzl ...
... were declining, but atmospheric CO2 was increasing. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gasses that trap part of the infrared waves the re-radiate from the surface of the earth. This “greenhouse effect” tends to cause higher temperatures. But average global temperatures were falling, not rising. This puzzl ...
2 4 12.0107 Carbon - The Climate Institute
... has come to dominate debates of all kinds. Wherever you turn it seems that everybody has something to say about carbon. So, what’s it all about? Depending on how you look at it, carbon can be either good or bad. In this book, ‘carbon’ largely refers to emissions of heat-trapping (or greenhouse) gase ...
... has come to dominate debates of all kinds. Wherever you turn it seems that everybody has something to say about carbon. So, what’s it all about? Depending on how you look at it, carbon can be either good or bad. In this book, ‘carbon’ largely refers to emissions of heat-trapping (or greenhouse) gase ...
Environmental prices, uncertainty and learning
... Section six concludes. It notes that, in climate change, we have seen a progression in shadow pricing approaches that in many respects mirrors our story. Price setting has evolved from an approach based on modelling the marginal benefits (or symmetrically the social costs) of environmental protectio ...
... Section six concludes. It notes that, in climate change, we have seen a progression in shadow pricing approaches that in many respects mirrors our story. Price setting has evolved from an approach based on modelling the marginal benefits (or symmetrically the social costs) of environmental protectio ...
Climate Change Mitigation Options in British Columbia`s Forests: A
... release of carbon through decreased growth and increased decay and fire hazard. Deforestation: The permanent removal of forest cover for other land use such as agriculture and urban development releases carbon to the atmosphere. Wood harvesting followed by forest regeneration is not considered defor ...
... release of carbon through decreased growth and increased decay and fire hazard. Deforestation: The permanent removal of forest cover for other land use such as agriculture and urban development releases carbon to the atmosphere. Wood harvesting followed by forest regeneration is not considered defor ...
Dias nummer 1 - Atmospheric Composition Change
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
The Case for a Carbon Tax in Canada
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
Environmental prices, uncertainty, and learning
... Section six concludes. It notes that, in climate change, we have seen a progression in shadow pricing approaches that in many respects mirrors our story. Price setting has evolved from an approach based on modelling the marginal benefits (or symmetrically the social costs) of environmental protectio ...
... Section six concludes. It notes that, in climate change, we have seen a progression in shadow pricing approaches that in many respects mirrors our story. Price setting has evolved from an approach based on modelling the marginal benefits (or symmetrically the social costs) of environmental protectio ...
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... Reducing carbon emissions makes good business sense. There is an association between reduced emissions and greater profit (King and Lennox, 2001) and waste prevention leads to financial gain (King and Lennox, 2002). Hoffman (2005) noted that companies that are able to reduce carbon emissions by alte ...
... Reducing carbon emissions makes good business sense. There is an association between reduced emissions and greater profit (King and Lennox, 2001) and waste prevention leads to financial gain (King and Lennox, 2002). Hoffman (2005) noted that companies that are able to reduce carbon emissions by alte ...