svcrproc
... The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 as a first step toward stabilizing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. The most important feature of the Protocol is the quantified emissions reduction targets. These would result in a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases from Annex B coun ...
... The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 as a first step toward stabilizing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. The most important feature of the Protocol is the quantified emissions reduction targets. These would result in a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases from Annex B coun ...
A simple formula predicts the social costs of carbon with remarkable precision
... The social cost of carbon (SCC), commonly referred to as the carbon price, is the monetized cost from emitting one unit of CO2 to the atmosphere. The SCC is obtained from large-scale computational Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that consolidate interdisciplinary climate research inputs to obtai ...
... The social cost of carbon (SCC), commonly referred to as the carbon price, is the monetized cost from emitting one unit of CO2 to the atmosphere. The SCC is obtained from large-scale computational Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that consolidate interdisciplinary climate research inputs to obtai ...
Working Paper 177 - Grodecka & Kuralbayeva (opens in new window)
... cost of emissions (i.e. the carbon tax in case of price instruments and the price of permits, in the case of a cap-and-trade) must correspond to the marginal damages of pollution. Thus, the optimal carbon tax must be essentially constant during that period according to the idea (the same as studies ...
... cost of emissions (i.e. the carbon tax in case of price instruments and the price of permits, in the case of a cap-and-trade) must correspond to the marginal damages of pollution. Thus, the optimal carbon tax must be essentially constant during that period according to the idea (the same as studies ...
Using carbon investment to grow the biodiversity bank
... The fervour with which carbon initiatives are being adopted (Capoor & Ambrosi 2007) presents a unique opportunity to restore biodiversity while creating new financial and marketing incentives for investors. We argue that current approaches to carbon offsetting that rely largely on investment in mono ...
... The fervour with which carbon initiatives are being adopted (Capoor & Ambrosi 2007) presents a unique opportunity to restore biodiversity while creating new financial and marketing incentives for investors. We argue that current approaches to carbon offsetting that rely largely on investment in mono ...
air traffic controls: the hidden costs of a new london runway
... But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation will principally function as ...
... But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation will principally function as ...
Policy Instruments for Climate Change: How Can National Governments Address RESOURCES
... In contrast, market-based instruments have recently been employed by governments to alter price signals to ensure that polluters face direct cost incentives to control emissions. The primary market-based instruments to be considered for greenhouse management are taxes and tradable permits. Under a t ...
... In contrast, market-based instruments have recently been employed by governments to alter price signals to ensure that polluters face direct cost incentives to control emissions. The primary market-based instruments to be considered for greenhouse management are taxes and tradable permits. Under a t ...
Meeting Carbon Budgets – Implications of Brexit for UK climate policy
... The UK, as part of its contribution to international efforts, has made its own commitments to tackling climate change and set these in domestic legislation. The 2008 Climate Change Act sets carbon budgets that require steady progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account a range ...
... The UK, as part of its contribution to international efforts, has made its own commitments to tackling climate change and set these in domestic legislation. The 2008 Climate Change Act sets carbon budgets that require steady progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account a range ...
i3460e01
... performance and mitigate its impact on climate. The pig sector is the biggest contributor to global meat production, with 37 percent in 2010. Chicken meat accounts for about 24 percent. Global demand for pig meat, chicken meat and chicken eggs are forecast to grow by 32 percent, 61 percent and 39 pe ...
... performance and mitigate its impact on climate. The pig sector is the biggest contributor to global meat production, with 37 percent in 2010. Chicken meat accounts for about 24 percent. Global demand for pig meat, chicken meat and chicken eggs are forecast to grow by 32 percent, 61 percent and 39 pe ...
Climate Change Case Law Update
... through “a well-designed emissions trading regime” (para 3.39). 14 In October 2006 the Stern Review on “the Economics of Climate Challenge” was published. In the words of the claimants' expert (Mr Lockley), the Review “reflected a fundamental shift in attitudes to climate change in the UK”, and in p ...
... through “a well-designed emissions trading regime” (para 3.39). 14 In October 2006 the Stern Review on “the Economics of Climate Challenge” was published. In the words of the claimants' expert (Mr Lockley), the Review “reflected a fundamental shift in attitudes to climate change in the UK”, and in p ...
New Zealand - Environmental Defense Fund
... under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol and to reduce New Zealand’s net emissions below business-as-usual (BAU). Under the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period (2008-2012), New Zealand has committed to reduce its annual average GHG emissions to 1990 levels (61.9 MtCO2e/yr excluding emissions ...
... under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol and to reduce New Zealand’s net emissions below business-as-usual (BAU). Under the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period (2008-2012), New Zealand has committed to reduce its annual average GHG emissions to 1990 levels (61.9 MtCO2e/yr excluding emissions ...
to the PDF file. - Community
... From December 1 through 11, 1997, more than 160 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to negotiate binding limitations on greenhouse gases for the developed nations, pursuant to the objectives of the Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992. The outcome of the meeting was the Kyoto Protocol. Under the ...
... From December 1 through 11, 1997, more than 160 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to negotiate binding limitations on greenhouse gases for the developed nations, pursuant to the objectives of the Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992. The outcome of the meeting was the Kyoto Protocol. Under the ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change
... sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse effects have increased”. The report clearly attributes this phenomenon to human-made causes by asserting that “the largest contribution is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2”. They project a temperature change by ...
... sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse effects have increased”. The report clearly attributes this phenomenon to human-made causes by asserting that “the largest contribution is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2”. They project a temperature change by ...
NEW ZEALAND`S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990–2014
... well as emissions and removals for the parts of the LULUCF sector included in the Kyoto Protocol. New Zealand has also announced a further target to reduce emissions to 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. This target has been taken under the international climate change agreement established at C ...
... well as emissions and removals for the parts of the LULUCF sector included in the Kyoto Protocol. New Zealand has also announced a further target to reduce emissions to 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. This target has been taken under the international climate change agreement established at C ...
Leveraged Funds: Section two (opens in new window)
... Inadequate information is often a source of significant uncertainties for lenders, who need to be able to monitor the performance of the projects that they are financing. The challenge is greater when the project requires a large amount of capital to be committed at an early stage. Financial interme ...
... Inadequate information is often a source of significant uncertainties for lenders, who need to be able to monitor the performance of the projects that they are financing. The challenge is greater when the project requires a large amount of capital to be committed at an early stage. Financial interme ...
promoting the goal of sustainable development
... • Respond to appropriate public consultations • Foster good links with Government Departments • Help make environment a mainstream business issue • Inclusive in our approach in engaging with members ...
... • Respond to appropriate public consultations • Foster good links with Government Departments • Help make environment a mainstream business issue • Inclusive in our approach in engaging with members ...
Case study on Dole`s carbon-neutral fruits
... companies that have exceeded their reduction requirements or implementing GHG-reducing projects in other countries. The protocol created the “Joint Implementation” (JI) mechanism for projects in industrialized and former Soviet countries and the “Clean Development Mechanism” (CDM) for projects in ot ...
... companies that have exceeded their reduction requirements or implementing GHG-reducing projects in other countries. The protocol created the “Joint Implementation” (JI) mechanism for projects in industrialized and former Soviet countries and the “Clean Development Mechanism” (CDM) for projects in ot ...
Climate policy and uncertainty: the roles of adaptation versus
... regardless of cost. As a result, it has a far better chance of ratification in the U.S. or other countries having large carbon emissions. Moreover, that absence of a rigid upper limit on carbon emissions would also increase the possibility of significant participation by developing countries. The hy ...
... regardless of cost. As a result, it has a far better chance of ratification in the U.S. or other countries having large carbon emissions. Moreover, that absence of a rigid upper limit on carbon emissions would also increase the possibility of significant participation by developing countries. The hy ...
ieta - ghg market sentiment survey
... previous report’s launch before hitting an all time high of $147/bbl on 3 July 2008. By late December 2008 these prices had dipped below $40/bbl and at the time of writing stood at $59/bbl. The economic downturn has also lead to a reduction in emissions resulting in reduced demand for credits. Credi ...
... previous report’s launch before hitting an all time high of $147/bbl on 3 July 2008. By late December 2008 these prices had dipped below $40/bbl and at the time of writing stood at $59/bbl. The economic downturn has also lead to a reduction in emissions resulting in reduced demand for credits. Credi ...
Carbon Credit 30 Dec 2013
... Other trading units in the carbon market : • More than actual emissions units can be traded and sold under the Kyoto Protocol’s emissions trading scheme. The other units which may be transferred under the scheme, each equal to one tonne of CO2, may be in the form of: • A removal unit (RMU) on the ba ...
... Other trading units in the carbon market : • More than actual emissions units can be traded and sold under the Kyoto Protocol’s emissions trading scheme. The other units which may be transferred under the scheme, each equal to one tonne of CO2, may be in the form of: • A removal unit (RMU) on the ba ...
Alberta Carbon Tax – Literature Review
... through belonging needs; “our oil, our natural resources belong to us.” As well as security needs ...
... through belonging needs; “our oil, our natural resources belong to us.” As well as security needs ...
Uruguay`s iNDC
... emissions are low, even when compared to the energy sector's low emission levels. It is possible to maintain emission intensity close to 1990 values using the country's own resources, but it would be possible to reduce it by up to 40% with additional means of implementation. Net CO2 Emissions Thanks ...
... emissions are low, even when compared to the energy sector's low emission levels. It is possible to maintain emission intensity close to 1990 values using the country's own resources, but it would be possible to reduce it by up to 40% with additional means of implementation. Net CO2 Emissions Thanks ...
Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110 Congress
... includes new mandatory greenhouse gas emission standards for vehicles and new powerplants, along with a new energy efficiency performance standard. The bill would establish a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and a new low-carbon generation requirement and trading program. S. 317, introduced Januar ...
... includes new mandatory greenhouse gas emission standards for vehicles and new powerplants, along with a new energy efficiency performance standard. The bill would establish a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and a new low-carbon generation requirement and trading program. S. 317, introduced Januar ...
All developing countries where there is any ability to measure
... 2050 are not credible. The lack of credibility stems from two sources. First, it is known that today’s leaders cannot bind their successors. Second, the projected failures to meet the Kyoto targets, or even to peak, and the shortage of short-term national targets after 2012, makes the lack of seriou ...
... 2050 are not credible. The lack of credibility stems from two sources. First, it is known that today’s leaders cannot bind their successors. Second, the projected failures to meet the Kyoto targets, or even to peak, and the shortage of short-term national targets after 2012, makes the lack of seriou ...
Essentials of a Carbon Tax for Canada
... financially as a result of the tax reductions. Canadians should be able to substantially decrease the financial impact of the carbon tax by reducing their carbon footprint, while enjoying a steady increase in the financial rewards associated with the income tax reduction. Finally, a portion of the c ...
... financially as a result of the tax reductions. Canadians should be able to substantially decrease the financial impact of the carbon tax by reducing their carbon footprint, while enjoying a steady increase in the financial rewards associated with the income tax reduction. Finally, a portion of the c ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CARBON GEOGRAPHY:
... Administration has explicitly stated that GHGs represent a threat to public health.3 ...
... Administration has explicitly stated that GHGs represent a threat to public health.3 ...