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Introduction to Functional Programming
Introduction to Functional Programming

... has been more or less neglected until recently. One of the reasons for this is that it is rather different from ordinary complexity analysis. Some work has been done by Bror Bjerner's and Sören Holmström. Functional languages (particularly lazy ones - those whose arguments are evaluated when needed) ...
02157 Functional Programming - A brief introduction to Lambda
02157 Functional Programming - A brief introduction to Lambda

... • Abstraction extends as far as possible to the right, ...
Coding a Lisp Interpreter in Shen: a Case Study
Coding a Lisp Interpreter in Shen: a Case Study

... unfettered programming practice. Programmers who are left to run free generally use what can be called mnemonic recognition. Data structures are queried in mnemonic recognition only to the level needed for the programmer to determine what to do. The result is less code and a faster performance. The ...
User`s Functions in Standard Prolog
User`s Functions in Standard Prolog

... (atoms and numbers), variables, and subterms introduced (after compilation4 ) by variable instantiation are always data terms. This later means that an evaluation step “is only performed at a (compound) subterm which is not part of a substitution (introduced by previous unification operations), but ...
Functional Programming in Haskell
Functional Programming in Haskell

... | otherwise = filter p xs ...
Types and Programming Languages
Types and Programming Languages

... of fix expressions. There’s a small issue: let allows us to define values as well as functions, but we don’t want to allow recursively-defined values (why not?) A convenient solution is to distinguish between value and function definitions by using the keywords val and fun. let fun f(x:int):int = bo ...
Functional Programming in CLEAN
Functional Programming in CLEAN

... Many centuries before the advent of digital computers, functions have been used to describe the relation between input and output of processes. Computer programs, too, are descriptions of the way a result can be computed, given some arguments. A natural way to write a computer program is therefore t ...
COS220lec52_FP
COS220lec52_FP

... Introduction to FP Imperative programming vs. functional programming Language applied to functional programming is LISP – LISt Programming. It was invented to provide language features for list processing, the need for which grew out of the first application in the area of AI, expert systems, knowl ...
Computational lambda calculus: A combination of functional and
Computational lambda calculus: A combination of functional and

... Computational lambda calculus: A combination of functional and imperative programming. ...
Intro to Theano
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Introduction Into Functional Programming
Introduction Into Functional Programming

... 2.2 If the searched word is “less” then the shown ones, then 2.2.1 continue search within the left half of the book; otherwise 2.2.2 continue search within with the right half of the book. ...
Calculating Functional Programs - Research School of Computer
Calculating Functional Programs - Research School of Computer

... norm rather than the exception. There is clearly a need for more reliable methods of program construction than the traditional ad hoc methods in use today. What is needed is a science of programming, instead of today’s craft (or perhaps black art). As Jeremy Gunawardena points out [15], computation ...
Q-Midi - Q - Equational Programming Language
Q-Midi - Q - Equational Programming Language

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Scala - Dave Reed

... bound ● When writing code, there are few explicit type definitions because Scala can usually infer the type o E.g. val x = 3  compiler infers that 'x' must be type Int as '3' is a integer literal. I ● Variables in Scala can be declared as either mutable or immutable ...
Programming with Miranda
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... 1. A programmer does not have to worry about storage allocation. There is no assignment statement—a functional programmer does not assign values to storage locations, but instead has the ability to give names to the values of expressions; these names may then be used in other expressions or passed a ...
Expressing C++ Template Metaprograms as Lambda expressions
Expressing C++ Template Metaprograms as Lambda expressions

... Variables are implemented by their name. A name symbol from the lambda expression becomes a name symbol in C++. Binding of the names in lambda abstractions is done by the C++ compiler. As we could see it in the previous example the lambda expression y becomes typedef y type in the C++ template metap ...
Pragmatic Functional Programming in Dyalog
Pragmatic Functional Programming in Dyalog

Introducing Haskell COS 441 Slides 3  Slide content credits:
Introducing Haskell COS 441 Slides 3 Slide content credits:

... (by add 4 + 5 = 9) (by mult 3 * 9 = 27) ...
Declarative Programming in Escher
Declarative Programming in Escher

funprog
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Imperative languages
Imperative languages

The Conception, Evolution, and Application of Functional
The Conception, Evolution, and Application of Functional

... languages: simply drop the assignment statement and any other side-effecting primitives, and there you have it! This, of course, is very misleading. The result of such a derivation is usually far less than satisfactory, since the purely functional subset of most imperative languages is hopelessly wea ...
The Continuity of Monadic Stream Functions
The Continuity of Monadic Stream Functions

... evil function has an input sequence as a parameter. But in Brouwer’s conception there is a clear distinction between sequences, that are non-computable, and functions, that must be effectively computable. Therefore we should not allow the definition of a function to depend on a sequence. However, in ...
Feature (De)composition in Functional Programming
Feature (De)composition in Functional Programming

... example, a monad can be used to untangle the different phases of a compilation process. In this case, the data exchanged between the phases are passed implicitly but, inside the monad, the different concerns (compilation phases) are still tangled. In our case studies, we found only few cases of mona ...
document
document

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Closure (computer programming)

In programming languages, closures (also lexical closures or function closures) are a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in languages with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment: a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or storage location to which the name was bound when the closure was created. A closure—unlike a plain function—allows the function to access those captured variables through the closure's reference to them, even when the function is invoked outside their scope.Example. The following program fragment defines a higher-order function startAt with a parameter x and a nested function incrementBy. The nested function incrementBy has access to x, because incrementBy is in the lexical scope of x, even though x is not local to incrementBy. The function startAt returns a closure containing the function incrementBy, which adds the y value to the x value, and a reference to the variable x from this invocation of startAt, so incrementBy will know where to find it once invoked:function startAt(x) function incrementBy(y) return x + y return incrementByvariable closure1 = startAt(1)variable closure2 = startAt(5)Note that, as startAt returns a function, the variables closure1 and closure2 are of function type. Invoking closure1(3) will return 4, while invoking closure2(3) will return 8. While closure1 and closure2 refer to the same function incrementBy, the associated environments differ, and invoking the closures will bind the name x to two distinct variables with different values in the two invocations, thus evaluating the function to different results.
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