Stimulation of growth of the human gastric
... There are many hypotheses for the microaerophilic requirements of bacteria: high sensitivity to toxic forms of oxygen present in the culture medium, excessive metabolic generation of toxic forms of oxygen, low respiratory rates, iron deficiency, lack of protective enzymes, unusually oxygen-sensitive ...
... There are many hypotheses for the microaerophilic requirements of bacteria: high sensitivity to toxic forms of oxygen present in the culture medium, excessive metabolic generation of toxic forms of oxygen, low respiratory rates, iron deficiency, lack of protective enzymes, unusually oxygen-sensitive ...
19_Glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of glucose
... Stage 1, which is the conversion of glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, consists of three steps: a phosphorylation, an isomerization, and a second phosphorylation reaction. ...
... Stage 1, which is the conversion of glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, consists of three steps: a phosphorylation, an isomerization, and a second phosphorylation reaction. ...
Pathogenesis of corneal damage from pseudomonas
... Results. One day after toxin injection, by biomicroscopy the entire cornea was cloudy and so grossly thickened the iris was barely visible. There was sometimes a purulent discharge on the eyelids, and an abscess at the injection site, and the needle track could be seen easily. The reaction may have ...
... Results. One day after toxin injection, by biomicroscopy the entire cornea was cloudy and so grossly thickened the iris was barely visible. There was sometimes a purulent discharge on the eyelids, and an abscess at the injection site, and the needle track could be seen easily. The reaction may have ...
REGULATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE AND GLYCEROL
... to a halt, water becomes scarce, and freezing temperatures threaten the integrity of every cell. For organisms such as arthropods to survive these grueling months of blizzards and −40oC temperatures, they not only need behavioural strategies but also cellular and metabolic adaptations. Behavioural s ...
... to a halt, water becomes scarce, and freezing temperatures threaten the integrity of every cell. For organisms such as arthropods to survive these grueling months of blizzards and −40oC temperatures, they not only need behavioural strategies but also cellular and metabolic adaptations. Behavioural s ...
Metabolic changes in the glucose-induced apoptotic blastocyst
... metabolism, slowing of TCA cycle and accumulation of substrates. Less than 1% of glucose consumed at a blastocyst stage is oxidized via the TCA cycle (5) and this finding of increased TCA cycle metabolites corresponds with previous reports using techniques similar to those used in this study (1). Co ...
... metabolism, slowing of TCA cycle and accumulation of substrates. Less than 1% of glucose consumed at a blastocyst stage is oxidized via the TCA cycle (5) and this finding of increased TCA cycle metabolites corresponds with previous reports using techniques similar to those used in this study (1). Co ...
nitrogen cycle
... when fish are transferred to better water complete recovery can occur in 24 h how does it get into system in first place? Nitrite is quickly transported across gill membrane by lamellar chloride cells cells can’t distinguish between NO2- and Clthus: nitrite absorption regulated by nitrite:chloride r ...
... when fish are transferred to better water complete recovery can occur in 24 h how does it get into system in first place? Nitrite is quickly transported across gill membrane by lamellar chloride cells cells can’t distinguish between NO2- and Clthus: nitrite absorption regulated by nitrite:chloride r ...
Feline IFN-γ Antibody
... The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at 20 to 70 °C ...
... The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at 20 to 70 °C ...
AP Biology 2007-2008 Chemistry of Carbon Building
... Cellulose Most abundant organic compound on Earth herbivores have evolved a mechanism to digest cellulose most carnivores have not ...
... Cellulose Most abundant organic compound on Earth herbivores have evolved a mechanism to digest cellulose most carnivores have not ...
Inborn defects in the antioxidant systems of human red blood cells
... lead to amino acid substitutions that destabilize the enzyme [36]. This instability of G6PD usually becomes apparent only in the long-living RBCs, which do not have the potential for protein synthesis. In other tissues, renewal of the enzyme can overcome its instability. Nonsense or frameshift mutat ...
... lead to amino acid substitutions that destabilize the enzyme [36]. This instability of G6PD usually becomes apparent only in the long-living RBCs, which do not have the potential for protein synthesis. In other tissues, renewal of the enzyme can overcome its instability. Nonsense or frameshift mutat ...
Water deuteration and ortho-to-para nuclear spin ratio of H2 in
... prohibited at low temperatures of 20 K. The enrichment of deuterium in e.g., H+3 is transfered to both gaseous and icy molecules through sequential chemical reactions (Millar et al. 1989; Roberts et al. 2004). However, the presence of orthoH2 (o-H2 ) can change the situation. It can suppress the ov ...
... prohibited at low temperatures of 20 K. The enrichment of deuterium in e.g., H+3 is transfered to both gaseous and icy molecules through sequential chemical reactions (Millar et al. 1989; Roberts et al. 2004). However, the presence of orthoH2 (o-H2 ) can change the situation. It can suppress the ov ...
Lecture 5: Nitrogen MARI-5421
... Evolution of the Nitrogen Cycle As Earth’s atmosphere became more O2-rich, more NO3 became available. This created niches occupied by organisms that could reduce NO3 to NH3 (many higher plants can do this). Converting NO3 back to N2 (denitrification) is an arduous process and has evolved more r ...
... Evolution of the Nitrogen Cycle As Earth’s atmosphere became more O2-rich, more NO3 became available. This created niches occupied by organisms that could reduce NO3 to NH3 (many higher plants can do this). Converting NO3 back to N2 (denitrification) is an arduous process and has evolved more r ...
Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of intracellular
... been established that, within experimental error, all the polyphosphate observed by 3ip N M R was intracellular: both EDTA-shock and MnCI2 addition had no effect upon the polyphosphate resonances (not shown). When a significant fraction of the polyphosphate would have been bound to the exterior of t ...
... been established that, within experimental error, all the polyphosphate observed by 3ip N M R was intracellular: both EDTA-shock and MnCI2 addition had no effect upon the polyphosphate resonances (not shown). When a significant fraction of the polyphosphate would have been bound to the exterior of t ...
An Essential Role of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in
... phenformin, were several encoding ETC-related proteins, including complex I subunits (NDUFA11, NDUFB2, NDUFA10, NDUFB9), mitochondrial RNA processing and ubiquinone synthesis enzymes (PDE12 and COQ4), and ETC assembly factors (ACAD9 and SCO2) (Figure 1D, Figure S1B). Unlike genes encoding core ETC c ...
... phenformin, were several encoding ETC-related proteins, including complex I subunits (NDUFA11, NDUFB2, NDUFA10, NDUFB9), mitochondrial RNA processing and ubiquinone synthesis enzymes (PDE12 and COQ4), and ETC assembly factors (ACAD9 and SCO2) (Figure 1D, Figure S1B). Unlike genes encoding core ETC c ...
Cellular Metabolism and Cancer: A Review
... The chromosome content of embryonic tissues of mice has been studied by Hsu and Pomerat (144). These investigators found that, exclusive of polyploid or haploid cells, only 87 per cent of the liver cells contained exactly 40 chromo somes, while 91 per cent of heart or lung cells contained this numbe ...
... The chromosome content of embryonic tissues of mice has been studied by Hsu and Pomerat (144). These investigators found that, exclusive of polyploid or haploid cells, only 87 per cent of the liver cells contained exactly 40 chromo somes, while 91 per cent of heart or lung cells contained this numbe ...
A decrease in cellular energy status stimulates PERK
... in the activity of eIF2B are important in regulating the rate of translation initiation [10]. eIF2B activity is regulated by a number of mechanisms, including competitive inhibition by phosphorylation of the α-subunit of its substrate eIF2 (eIF2α) on Ser51 [11,12]. eIF2α phosphorylation occurs in re ...
... in the activity of eIF2B are important in regulating the rate of translation initiation [10]. eIF2B activity is regulated by a number of mechanisms, including competitive inhibition by phosphorylation of the α-subunit of its substrate eIF2 (eIF2α) on Ser51 [11,12]. eIF2α phosphorylation occurs in re ...
Genome amplification of single sperm using
... EDTA) was then added, mixed well by gentle vortex and incubated for 10 min on ice for eight aliquots of the dilution of 3 cells/3 ml, or at 65 C for the other aliquots. Lysis was stopped by adding 3.5 ml of neutralizing buffer (buffer B in REPLI-g kit, Qiagen Inc.). The dilution of 3 cells/3 ml was ...
... EDTA) was then added, mixed well by gentle vortex and incubated for 10 min on ice for eight aliquots of the dilution of 3 cells/3 ml, or at 65 C for the other aliquots. Lysis was stopped by adding 3.5 ml of neutralizing buffer (buffer B in REPLI-g kit, Qiagen Inc.). The dilution of 3 cells/3 ml was ...
Beer
... several times during steeping to increase oxygen uptake • Generally, the barley spends about 40 hours in tanks of fresh, clean water, with three intervals during which the water is allowed to drain. • Draining is done to remove dissolved carbon dioxide and to reintroduce oxygen-rich water. • Steepin ...
... several times during steeping to increase oxygen uptake • Generally, the barley spends about 40 hours in tanks of fresh, clean water, with three intervals during which the water is allowed to drain. • Draining is done to remove dissolved carbon dioxide and to reintroduce oxygen-rich water. • Steepin ...
Chapter 1, The Blood
... 1. Megakaryoblast transform into metamegakaryocytes, (large cells that shed fragments of cytoplasm), and when the fragments are enclosed, they become thrombocytes or platelets. 2. Between 250,000 and 400,000 platelets are present in each cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. 3. Platelets are disc-shaped, ...
... 1. Megakaryoblast transform into metamegakaryocytes, (large cells that shed fragments of cytoplasm), and when the fragments are enclosed, they become thrombocytes or platelets. 2. Between 250,000 and 400,000 platelets are present in each cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. 3. Platelets are disc-shaped, ...
Compartmentation of photosynthesis in cells and
... it was associated with a special leaf anatomy. Large, distinctive bundle sheath cells, with prominent chloroplasts, surround the vascular tissue, which, in turn, are surrounded by a layer of chloroplast-containing mesophyll cells; more than a century ago Haberlandt called this Kranz anatomy (Edwards ...
... it was associated with a special leaf anatomy. Large, distinctive bundle sheath cells, with prominent chloroplasts, surround the vascular tissue, which, in turn, are surrounded by a layer of chloroplast-containing mesophyll cells; more than a century ago Haberlandt called this Kranz anatomy (Edwards ...
Aalborg Universitet Occurrence and in situ physiology of uncultured putative alphaproteobacterial
... were studied in full-scale EBPR plants to determine their distribution, abundance and ecophysiology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that Defluviicoccus spp. were generally low in abundance; however, in one plant surveyed, Cluster 2 Defluviicoccus constituted 9 % of all Bacter ...
... were studied in full-scale EBPR plants to determine their distribution, abundance and ecophysiology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that Defluviicoccus spp. were generally low in abundance; however, in one plant surveyed, Cluster 2 Defluviicoccus constituted 9 % of all Bacter ...
ab109902 – Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) Enzyme Activity
... ab109902 PDH Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit has been developed for use with human samples. Bovine, mouse, or rat materials are also compatible. Other species have not been tested. Suitable samples include mitochondria, whole tissue extracts and whole cultured cell extracts. The protein concent ...
... ab109902 PDH Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit has been developed for use with human samples. Bovine, mouse, or rat materials are also compatible. Other species have not been tested. Suitable samples include mitochondria, whole tissue extracts and whole cultured cell extracts. The protein concent ...
Impaired ATP Synthase Assembly Associated with
... F1-ATPase, i.e. the same as that used in Figs. 1–3 above. In the examples shown, two identical gels were prepared for each time point; one was immunoblotted, and the second was dried and exposed to x-ray film. In other experiments, radiolabeled protein was transferred to solid support, and immunoblo ...
... F1-ATPase, i.e. the same as that used in Figs. 1–3 above. In the examples shown, two identical gels were prepared for each time point; one was immunoblotted, and the second was dried and exposed to x-ray film. In other experiments, radiolabeled protein was transferred to solid support, and immunoblo ...
Prolonged Triglyceride Storage in Macrophages
... blue after the 72-h chase, yet we found 10% less DNA in wells with final pHo ,7.0 than in wells cultured at final pHo 7.3–7.5 (210 6 3% [SD], 3 experiments, each with n = 4/condition), and there was a commensurate decrease in cell protein (212 6 11%, 6 experiments with n = 4/condition). Cellular ATP ...
... blue after the 72-h chase, yet we found 10% less DNA in wells with final pHo ,7.0 than in wells cultured at final pHo 7.3–7.5 (210 6 3% [SD], 3 experiments, each with n = 4/condition), and there was a commensurate decrease in cell protein (212 6 11%, 6 experiments with n = 4/condition). Cellular ATP ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... - anaerobic glycolysis, lactate formation, metabolic acidosis - accumulation of CO2, respiratory acidosis Myocardial infarction (lack of oxygen in myocardium) - anaerobic glycolysis, lactate formation - lack of ATP ...
... - anaerobic glycolysis, lactate formation, metabolic acidosis - accumulation of CO2, respiratory acidosis Myocardial infarction (lack of oxygen in myocardium) - anaerobic glycolysis, lactate formation - lack of ATP ...