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14 pages
14 pages

... According to Plato, Justice is more than an external adjustment of social functions in the individual; its existence is spiritual. Every member of the state must be just simply because they see it the “good” and only then social justice be realized. As such, Justicein-the-society and Justice-in-man ...
PROLEGOMENON The consequences of the
PROLEGOMENON The consequences of the

... reproduced or transformed by, human agency. This transformational model appears prima facie similar to Tony Giddens’ theory of structuration, published in the same year (1979).vii However Margaret Archer pointed out (in Realist Social Theoryviii and elsewhere) that time and tense are intrinsic to t ...
Rationalism - LabTec-CS
Rationalism - LabTec-CS

... I know to be true about things in the world - that is, that they obey the law of gravity. But how do I know this? Is it from having seen it happen countless times? Or, is it from understanding some principle or law that is fundamental to the universe? This debate has been part of philosophy for a lo ...
Being and Time Introduction Chapter One
Being and Time Introduction Chapter One

... Aristotle’s Metaphysics IV.1 • “There is a science that studies being insofar as it is being, and also the properties of being in its own right. It is not the same as any of the socalled special sciences. For none of them considers being quite generally, insofar as it is being; rather, each of them ...
chapter 2 - Robert M Wallace
chapter 2 - Robert M Wallace

... inclinations, and the “noumenal” world for the first-person point of view, in which actions are decided by rational thought. Skeptics naturally wonder what is the relation between these two worlds, and how one could arrive at knowledge of the reality of either of them, from within the other one. Why ...
Reality and Appearance
Reality and Appearance

... their methods on the empirical sciences. This is how modern thinking assimilates reality and relates to it. In itself this is a very fascinating area for philosophical enquiry, and some philosophers have been bold enough to explore it. What Greek thought sought in reality is altogether different fro ...
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument

... the argument to which one can object (assuming, as I will, that the subsequent inferences are valid). I certainly wouldn’t want to contest (3) ; in any case, that cannot be the target of Kant’s famous objection. What about (2), Anselm’s infamous great-making assumption ? Some commentators believe th ...
Panpsychism | uboeschenstein.ch
Panpsychism | uboeschenstein.ch

... thought. In the Italian Renaissance, however, Panpsychism enjoyed something of an intellectual revival, in the thought of figures such as Gerolamo Cardano, Bernardino Telesio, Francesco Patrizi, Giordano Bruno, and Tommaso Campanella. Cardano argued for the view that soul or anima was a fundamental ...
heraclitean critique of kantian and enlightenment ethics through the
heraclitean critique of kantian and enlightenment ethics through the

... irrefutability of the Heraclitean notion of universal becoming or the transitory nature of all things, admitting the impossibility of positing a totally persistent and self-conscious subject. The major Heraclitean doctrine of panta rhei makes it impossible to conduct philosophical inquiry by assumin ...
Deleuze Lecture on Kant 1978 - The Partially Examined Life
Deleuze Lecture on Kant 1978 - The Partially Examined Life

... whole appearance/essence duality which in a sense implies a degraded sensible world, which even implies if need be original sin, is substituted a radically new type of thought: something appears, tell me what it signifies or, and this amounts to the same thing, tell me what its condition is. When Fr ...
Kant`s History of Ethics
Kant`s History of Ethics

... including Ralph Cudworth, Samuel Clarke, John Balguy, William Wollaston and Richard Price.2 It holds that actions have a real nature, and are involved with real relations to things and to other actions. In virtue of these natures and relations, it is true of some actions that they are right or to be ...
KANT`S RESPONSE TO SKEPTICISM
KANT`S RESPONSE TO SKEPTICISM

... as it is in itself, regardless of the human perspective. Thus, although some will accept that Kant’s position might allow us to hold to claims about knowledge and truth from within our perspective, they may nonetheless feel that Kant is wrong to treat all features of reality as we experience it as m ...
The origin of concepts and the nature of knowledge revision boo
The origin of concepts and the nature of knowledge revision boo

... Hume argues that what we are immediately and directly aware of are ‘perceptions’. ‘Perceptions’ are divided into ‘impressions’ and ‘ideas’, the difference between the two being marked by a difference of ‘forcefulness’ and ‘vivacity’, so that impressions relate roughly to ‘feeling’ (or ‘sensing’) and ...
ume and the Modern View of Human Nature
ume and the Modern View of Human Nature

... (humility and pride), Hume makes clear that regardless of the source of the disposition (in “natural and original principles” or “from interest and education” (133), it is evidenced by a ‘feeling’ (of delight or uneasiness) that is the basis for our expression of approval or disapproval (for our jud ...
Process Ontology in Early American Pragmatism, Buddhism, and
Process Ontology in Early American Pragmatism, Buddhism, and

... Let us turn our attention to Zen Buddhist ontology, as I shall introduce and offer explanations for a couple of key aspects that are comparable to Native positions. First, let me say that what I am about to do is somewhat artificial in the sense that a true understanding of Buddhist ontology require ...
Prelude
Prelude

... questions that no one is asking. Some people think that no one ever seriously doubts whether they are victims of a vast hallucination, or of the Matrix, or the Cartesian demon, or Putnam’s mad scientist. But these are just the sort of idle questions that philosophers typically spend their time on. S ...
The lives of Plato and Socrates - School of Practical Philosophy
The lives of Plato and Socrates - School of Practical Philosophy

... Plato is considered by many to be the greatest of all Western philosophers. The eminent modern philosopher Alfred North Whitehead concluded that: “The safest general characterization of the Western philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.” And Ralph Waldo Emerso ...
outside us. After all, I didn`t choose my desire for esp
outside us. After all, I didn`t choose my desire for esp

... If the only reason the boy told the truth was to avoid feeling guilty, or to avoid bad publicity should his error be discovered, then his truthtelling would lack moral worth. But if he told the truth because he: knew it was the right thing to do, his act has moral worth regardless ol' the pleasure ...
connectedness
connectedness

... fundamental to all later Buddhist scholarly thought, known as Mahayana (Great Vehicle). It is a path of inner liberation which avoids the extreme views of substantialism and subjectivism. Kumarajiva's life is more or less known but apart from various unconfirmed legends, we have no assured biographi ...
Review of Peter Loptson, Reality: Fundamental Topics in Metaphysics
Review of Peter Loptson, Reality: Fundamental Topics in Metaphysics

... that the page I hold now and the page I held a few moments ago are not two momentary objects but rather are literally identical, one and the same object, which merely happens to exist now as well as to have existed a few moments ago, though presumably undergoing some alteration. I am not interested ...
THE UNTRUTH AND THE TRUTH OF SKEPTICISM
THE UNTRUTH AND THE TRUTH OF SKEPTICISM

... But however attractive these accounts of existence may be, they are not enough. Modal notions, such as Mill's "possibility," cry out for explanation; subjunctive conditionals, essential to any officially phenomenalist account, are probably the most unclear kind of statement; the Fregean notion of a ...
Not how the world is, is the mystical, but that it is. verseny 07 L
Not how the world is, is the mystical, but that it is. verseny 07 L

... suprising but nonetheless logical solution of the problem: The answers to the philosphical questions are not facts of the world, but they are found outside of the universe, and thus also outside of the scope of language whose task is to express the facts of the world. „The meaning (aim) of the world ...
Introduction to Philosophy
Introduction to Philosophy

...  Being Free vs. Being Lucky ...
Environmental Ethics Anthropocentrism
Environmental Ethics Anthropocentrism

... semiotics: the study of signs, symbols, and signification Biosemiotics is thus the study of semiotics in the biological realm ...
Topic 2b: What is conceptualization? Jerry Fodor (2008): LOT2 The
Topic 2b: What is conceptualization? Jerry Fodor (2008): LOT2 The

... “bringing of logic and logical syntax together with a theory of mental process is the foundation of [...] cognitive science.” (Mentalese: only something language-like may have a logical form) Mental processes: computations on mental representations (not associations) The mind’s goal is thinking abou ...
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Problem of universals

In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are. Properties are qualities or relations that two or more entities have in common. The various kinds of properties, such as qualities and relations are referred to as universals. For instance, one can imagine three cup holders on a table that have in common the quality of being circular or exemplifying circularity, or two daughters that have in common being the daughter of Frank. There are many such properties, such as being human, red, male or female, liquid, big or small, taller than, father of, etc.While philosophers agree that human beings talk and think about properties, they disagree on whether these universals exist in reality or merely in thought and speech.
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