ISSCC 2004 / SESSION 12 / BIOMICROSYSTEMS / 12.6 12.6
... required current in short-duration, high-current spikes at the voltage peaks. Iridium oxide is increasingly used for stimulation electrodes and its impedance consists of an electrode-fluid interface capacitance in series with a fluid resistance. Capacitances are measured, for 400µm diameter electrod ...
... required current in short-duration, high-current spikes at the voltage peaks. Iridium oxide is increasingly used for stimulation electrodes and its impedance consists of an electrode-fluid interface capacitance in series with a fluid resistance. Capacitances are measured, for 400µm diameter electrod ...
ECPE Demonstrator Programmes
... 10 kW/liter, 5 kW 400 V-48 V Isolated DC-DC Converter The high power density, 5 kW DC-DC converter is based on a series-parallel resonant converter topology. ETH Zurich has developed an optimisation procedure that considers the switching frequency, semiconductor and passive losses, and thermal perfo ...
... 10 kW/liter, 5 kW 400 V-48 V Isolated DC-DC Converter The high power density, 5 kW DC-DC converter is based on a series-parallel resonant converter topology. ETH Zurich has developed an optimisation procedure that considers the switching frequency, semiconductor and passive losses, and thermal perfo ...
CN-0030: AD5390/AD5391/AD5392通道监控功能
... (Continued from first page) "Circuits from the Lab" are intended only for use with Analog Devices products and are the intellectual property of Analog Devices or its licensors. While you may use the "Circuits from the Lab" in the design of your product, no other license is granted by implication or ...
... (Continued from first page) "Circuits from the Lab" are intended only for use with Analog Devices products and are the intellectual property of Analog Devices or its licensors. While you may use the "Circuits from the Lab" in the design of your product, no other license is granted by implication or ...
EXPERIMENT 8: MOSFET – Common
... • Using the threshold voltage, VTN = 2.1 V, please confirm that the transistor is in saturation. (VDS > VDSsat and VDSsat = VGS - VTN) • VDSsat = VGS – VTN = 2.17 – 2.1 = 0.07 V • So is your measured VDS > VDS sat? ...
... • Using the threshold voltage, VTN = 2.1 V, please confirm that the transistor is in saturation. (VDS > VDSsat and VDSsat = VGS - VTN) • VDSsat = VGS – VTN = 2.17 – 2.1 = 0.07 V • So is your measured VDS > VDS sat? ...
Basic Lab Equipment
... Although an "ideal" voltmeter would act like an open circuit (no current through the meter) and an ideal ammeter would act like a short circuit (no voltage across the meter), the instruments actually available for these measurements cannot be perfect. This means that the multimeter may actually load ...
... Although an "ideal" voltmeter would act like an open circuit (no current through the meter) and an ideal ammeter would act like a short circuit (no voltage across the meter), the instruments actually available for these measurements cannot be perfect. This means that the multimeter may actually load ...
Representing Data as Digital Signals
... networks. Its main benefit is error recovery. A 1 is sent as a half-time-period low followed by a halftime-period high, and a 0 is sent at half-time-period high followed by a half-time-period low. Consequently, the end of the last transmitted bit is easily determined immediately following the transm ...
... networks. Its main benefit is error recovery. A 1 is sent as a half-time-period low followed by a halftime-period high, and a 0 is sent at half-time-period high followed by a half-time-period low. Consequently, the end of the last transmitted bit is easily determined immediately following the transm ...
c. pulse-modulated signals
... 26. Why does PPM signal demodulation require two stages (prefilter and filter) of filtering? a. The power of a PPM signal is low. b. The pulses in a PPM signal change position. c. A PPM signal contains high-frequency sidebands that must be removed. d. The frequency of PPM pulses is high. ...
... 26. Why does PPM signal demodulation require two stages (prefilter and filter) of filtering? a. The power of a PPM signal is low. b. The pulses in a PPM signal change position. c. A PPM signal contains high-frequency sidebands that must be removed. d. The frequency of PPM pulses is high. ...
Making watt-hour measurements with Fluke power quality analyzers
... measurements, be sure to take into consideration the load cycles you’re working with. Long cycle loads: If the load creating the watt draw has a long on/off cycle, like a refrigerator, be sure to measure long enough to include several on/off cycles to get a good representation of the average watts. ...
... measurements, be sure to take into consideration the load cycles you’re working with. Long cycle loads: If the load creating the watt draw has a long on/off cycle, like a refrigerator, be sure to measure long enough to include several on/off cycles to get a good representation of the average watts. ...
modulation3 - WordPress.com
... B. Double-sideband AM voice C. FSK data D. SBB voice 144. If the input to a detector stage is an amplitude-modulated (A3E) IF signal then the output from the stage is A. A lower frequency carrier B. The audio voice information C. A Morse-code signal D. The upper or lower set of sidebands 145. In a c ...
... B. Double-sideband AM voice C. FSK data D. SBB voice 144. If the input to a detector stage is an amplitude-modulated (A3E) IF signal then the output from the stage is A. A lower frequency carrier B. The audio voice information C. A Morse-code signal D. The upper or lower set of sidebands 145. In a c ...
eet 307 power electronics 2005-2006
... Reverse leakage current in p-n junctions is not usually a major design factor. Leakage current in Schottky rectifiers, intrinsic to the device, is dependent on reverse voltage and increases significantly with device junction temperature. (3 marks) (iii) Converter Effects p-n devices In addition to ...
... Reverse leakage current in p-n junctions is not usually a major design factor. Leakage current in Schottky rectifiers, intrinsic to the device, is dependent on reverse voltage and increases significantly with device junction temperature. (3 marks) (iii) Converter Effects p-n devices In addition to ...
- Mitra.ac.in
... (b) List out the electrical characteristics of an ideal Op-Amp. 3. (a) what is the necessity of constant current source? What are the different means to realize constant current sources? Explain with neat circuit diagram. (b) Explain and Derive the exact equation for Output Voltage of Closed Loop In ...
... (b) List out the electrical characteristics of an ideal Op-Amp. 3. (a) what is the necessity of constant current source? What are the different means to realize constant current sources? Explain with neat circuit diagram. (b) Explain and Derive the exact equation for Output Voltage of Closed Loop In ...
ARC2™ SPM Controller – Power, Speed, and Flexibility
... The ARC2 combines a fast, low noise FPGA and crosspoint switch for powerful signal routing flexibility. This enables nearly limitless controller configurations, easily set within the software. ...
... The ARC2 combines a fast, low noise FPGA and crosspoint switch for powerful signal routing flexibility. This enables nearly limitless controller configurations, easily set within the software. ...
Switch Debounce Filter
... to allow the capacitor C1 to discharge through the external 20 K-ohm resistor, R101. The capacitor C1 and resistor R1 form a filter that sets the rise and fall times to around 20 milliseconds. By slowing down the rise and fall times, the switching signals can no longer couple over to the neighboring ...
... to allow the capacitor C1 to discharge through the external 20 K-ohm resistor, R101. The capacitor C1 and resistor R1 form a filter that sets the rise and fall times to around 20 milliseconds. By slowing down the rise and fall times, the switching signals can no longer couple over to the neighboring ...
sample questions - Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT
... 2. A single phase full bridge diode rectifier operates from a 220V, 50 Hz single phase supply and delivers power to a 50 Ω resistance connected across the output capacitor. The voltage across the output capacitor may be assumed to be ripple free. i) Find out the value of the filter inductor (with ne ...
... 2. A single phase full bridge diode rectifier operates from a 220V, 50 Hz single phase supply and delivers power to a 50 Ω resistance connected across the output capacitor. The voltage across the output capacitor may be assumed to be ripple free. i) Find out the value of the filter inductor (with ne ...
MC34023 - High Speed PWM Controller
... The MC34023 series are high speed, fixed frequency, single−ended pulse width modulator controllers optimized for high frequency operation. They are specifically designed for Off−Line and DC−to−DC converter applications offering the designer a cost−effective solution with minimal external components. ...
... The MC34023 series are high speed, fixed frequency, single−ended pulse width modulator controllers optimized for high frequency operation. They are specifically designed for Off−Line and DC−to−DC converter applications offering the designer a cost−effective solution with minimal external components. ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.