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DC Sweep
DC Sweep

... These are two plots of the DC Sweep of Vref in the example circuit, where the only difference is the value used as the increment. Ideally, there should be a sharp transition as the output of the voltage comparator switches from one output level to the other . However, when the increment of 0.5V was ...
3-dso313121 - WordPress.com
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... phase angles and voltage magnitudes in a power system. The major benefits of UPFC brings can be realized in power systems steady state operation as well as in the emergency situations [1]. Supporting voltage and control power flow is the main function of the UPFC [2,3,4]. To complement the research ...
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CODEC Printed Circuit Board Layout Considerations

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Lab1 - Ece.umd.edu

... time that must pass after one trigger occurs before another one can be detected. This is very useful any time the same voltage level (and slope) occurs more than once in the time range that you are interested in observing. One example is whenever there is “noise” (i.e. a small high frequency signal ...
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... The SU-1000-Li is a 1000 VA line interactive uninterruptible power supply, surge eliminator, and power conditioner in a magnetically shielded steel enclosure. It operates from 120 volts AC and has a 6-foot, grounded, 3-wire #14 line cord. It has 4 grounded AC receptacles and two of these provide bat ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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