measurements of ac magnitude
... wave peaking at 10 volts is obviously a greater amount of voltage for a greater amount of time than a triangle wave peaking at 10 volts. The effects of these two AC voltages powering a load would be quite different: Figure below ...
... wave peaking at 10 volts is obviously a greater amount of voltage for a greater amount of time than a triangle wave peaking at 10 volts. The effects of these two AC voltages powering a load would be quite different: Figure below ...
Test the Withstand Voltage of Medical Electrical Equipment
... Generate the applied voltage for the withstand voltage test automatically using the ramp-time function. ■ Highlights ...
... Generate the applied voltage for the withstand voltage test automatically using the ramp-time function. ■ Highlights ...
LUMARK®
... Pulse start Metal Halide only. (3) Products also available in non-US voltages and 50Hz for international markets. Various ballast configurations available. ...
... Pulse start Metal Halide only. (3) Products also available in non-US voltages and 50Hz for international markets. Various ballast configurations available. ...
LED level meter driver, 12–point, VU scale, dot or bar display
... The constant current outputs can be set using external components allowing use of different color LEDs in various combinations. Applications Level meters for all types of audio equipment applications Features 1) 12-point VU display meter driver for bar / dot displays. 2) Fixed-current outputs that ...
... The constant current outputs can be set using external components allowing use of different color LEDs in various combinations. Applications Level meters for all types of audio equipment applications Features 1) 12-point VU display meter driver for bar / dot displays. 2) Fixed-current outputs that ...
Voltage clamp circuits for ultra-low-voltage apps
... clamp this circuit has a much lower quiescent current (<100 nA max), versus the low-voltage Zener’s unacceptably high leakage current. It also features a much sharper voltage-versus-current (I-V) characteristic, along with more precise voltages). Response time (<100 ns) is also better than with the ...
... clamp this circuit has a much lower quiescent current (<100 nA max), versus the low-voltage Zener’s unacceptably high leakage current. It also features a much sharper voltage-versus-current (I-V) characteristic, along with more precise voltages). Response time (<100 ns) is also better than with the ...
Intermittent Chaos in Switching Power Supplies Due to
... via conducted or radiated paths. Sometimes, the intruders can live on the same circuit board or be present at a very close proximity. Figure 1 (a) shows a crude model which illustrates the situation. In order to study the effects of coupling of spurious (intruding) signals, we need a circuit model t ...
... via conducted or radiated paths. Sometimes, the intruders can live on the same circuit board or be present at a very close proximity. Figure 1 (a) shows a crude model which illustrates the situation. In order to study the effects of coupling of spurious (intruding) signals, we need a circuit model t ...
LM555 Timer
... Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particu ...
... Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particu ...
CN-0054 利用AD5450/AD5451/AD5452/AD5453电流输出DAC处理交流信号
... In any circuit where ac performance is important, careful consideration is given to the layout to ensure that the rated performance is achieved. The printed circuit board should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. If the DAC i ...
... In any circuit where ac performance is important, careful consideration is given to the layout to ensure that the rated performance is achieved. The printed circuit board should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. If the DAC i ...
Hobby Servo Fundamentals
... the incoming signal from the receiver with a one-shot timer whose period depends on the resistance of a potentiometer connected to the servo's drive shaft. This feedback is what provides the stability for the control circuitry. The difference between the control signal and the feedback signal is the ...
... the incoming signal from the receiver with a one-shot timer whose period depends on the resistance of a potentiometer connected to the servo's drive shaft. This feedback is what provides the stability for the control circuitry. The difference between the control signal and the feedback signal is the ...
10W, Dual Output Power Supply
... cross regulation interaction are shown in the graphs below. Schottky rectifiers are used for output diodes for maximum efficiency. The NCP1014 controller contains inherent over-current and overtemperature protection in addition to over-voltage protection in the event of an optocoupler failure. Janua ...
... cross regulation interaction are shown in the graphs below. Schottky rectifiers are used for output diodes for maximum efficiency. The NCP1014 controller contains inherent over-current and overtemperature protection in addition to over-voltage protection in the event of an optocoupler failure. Janua ...
an enhanced islanding microgrid reactive power
... To avoid the using of virtual impedance, a few alternatively methods have been developed. In an interesting “Q-V dot droop” method was proposed. However, it can be seen that the reactive power sharing errors can hardly be completely eliminated using the method in especially in the case of a weak mic ...
... To avoid the using of virtual impedance, a few alternatively methods have been developed. In an interesting “Q-V dot droop” method was proposed. However, it can be seen that the reactive power sharing errors can hardly be completely eliminated using the method in especially in the case of a weak mic ...
REU Poster - CURENT Education
... With high stopping voltages and high frequencies, Gallium Nitride has the potential to make power converters that are more efficient and smaller, as well as the ability to provide faster and more reliable data transfer than the current products that we have today. SPONSORS: This work was supported p ...
... With high stopping voltages and high frequencies, Gallium Nitride has the potential to make power converters that are more efficient and smaller, as well as the ability to provide faster and more reliable data transfer than the current products that we have today. SPONSORS: This work was supported p ...
ME1010: Testing Your Motor for Torque
... Step 1. Set the unloaded (disconnected) voltage from the power supply to about 3.75V (3.73-3.77 is okay). Turn up the “coarse” current to about 1/3rd full scale so current will be flowing. Use the voltmeter in parallel to get an accurate reading of the voltage, but do not record it. It is the upper ...
... Step 1. Set the unloaded (disconnected) voltage from the power supply to about 3.75V (3.73-3.77 is okay). Turn up the “coarse” current to about 1/3rd full scale so current will be flowing. Use the voltmeter in parallel to get an accurate reading of the voltage, but do not record it. It is the upper ...
Class D Audio Amplifiers
... sensor can provide additional temperature information, aside from the simple binary indication about whether temperature has exceeded the shutdown threshold. By measuring temperature, the control circuitry can gradually reduce the volume level, reducing power dissipation and keeping temperature well ...
... sensor can provide additional temperature information, aside from the simple binary indication about whether temperature has exceeded the shutdown threshold. By measuring temperature, the control circuitry can gradually reduce the volume level, reducing power dissipation and keeping temperature well ...
Choosing The Right Topology
... PCB real estate constraints and can lead to electrolytic capacitors operating with high ripple current, which will result in more self-heating and reduced life. As the achievable operating frequency with the NV topology is relatively high, a few ceramic capacitors are used instead, resulting in a co ...
... PCB real estate constraints and can lead to electrolytic capacitors operating with high ripple current, which will result in more self-heating and reduced life. As the achievable operating frequency with the NV topology is relatively high, a few ceramic capacitors are used instead, resulting in a co ...
Resistance measurement
... RL1 = RL2. Circuit 3 is an AC-bridge that is in-balance when RX = RY providing RL1 = RL3. If a lock-in amplifier is used as a null-detector, determination of RX with an extremely low excitation current is possible. ...
... RL1 = RL2. Circuit 3 is an AC-bridge that is in-balance when RX = RY providing RL1 = RL3. If a lock-in amplifier is used as a null-detector, determination of RX with an extremely low excitation current is possible. ...
linear integrated-circuit voltage
... 3. Construct a graph showing the relationship between the dc control Voltage and the output frequency for the control Voltages given and frequencies measured in steps 2 and 3. 4. Plot the theoretical frequencies on the same graph. (It is convenient to use Excel for this. Plot the theoretical values ...
... 3. Construct a graph showing the relationship between the dc control Voltage and the output frequency for the control Voltages given and frequencies measured in steps 2 and 3. 4. Plot the theoretical frequencies on the same graph. (It is convenient to use Excel for this. Plot the theoretical values ...
April 23, 2009 - St. Joseph Music Foundation
... a volume knob incremented 1-10 will begin to produce distortion of the signal when turned to 8 or above. ...
... a volume knob incremented 1-10 will begin to produce distortion of the signal when turned to 8 or above. ...
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Macromatic Industrial Controls Inc.
... Warning Potentially hazardous voltages are present. Turn off all power supplying this equipment before connecting or disconnecting wiring. ...
... Warning Potentially hazardous voltages are present. Turn off all power supplying this equipment before connecting or disconnecting wiring. ...
skynet electronic specification m/n : snp-z109
... The efficiency is higher than 85% typ. while measuring at nominal line and rated load. 4.2 Hold up time The hold up time is longer than 16mS at 115VAC input and rated load, which is measured from the end of the last charging pulse to when the main output drops down to 95% output voltage. 4.3 Protect ...
... The efficiency is higher than 85% typ. while measuring at nominal line and rated load. 4.2 Hold up time The hold up time is longer than 16mS at 115VAC input and rated load, which is measured from the end of the last charging pulse to when the main output drops down to 95% output voltage. 4.3 Protect ...
Document
... Set the function switch to Hz. Plug the black test lead into the common jack. Plug the red test lead into the voltage jack. Connect the DMM to the test circuit. Read the frequency measurement displayed. ...
... Set the function switch to Hz. Plug the black test lead into the common jack. Plug the red test lead into the voltage jack. Connect the DMM to the test circuit. Read the frequency measurement displayed. ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.