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Programmable Counter/Timer CT400
Programmable Counter/Timer CT400

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... •The origin to the HF- harmonics is finding in power electronics in domestic, commercial and industrial equipment. •The number of emitting devices is growing significantly. •Literature describes interference on electronic office equipment, in TV and audio studios and in power grid using power line c ...
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... The input is configured to accept a voltage input in the range of 0 to 5V. Signals above 5V will be rectified to 5V. The controller will interpret the offset in volts and the resolution setpoint as V/bit when sending the message. Error detection setpoints will be interpreted in volts. The input is c ...
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... To design a simple mobile converter to charge the phone's battery with the specification Input Voltage = 9 V and Output Voltage = -12 V with the output voltage always negative and the mobile converter are operating in Continuous Current Mode (CCM) down to 5% load. The suitable converter circuit to p ...
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... • Low static, high quality ducted applications will run slowly, quietly and efficiently….. while delivering the correct airflow. • High static applications will run fast, be noisy and power hungry…. The ECM may still provide the correct airflow, but at a price! ...
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TDA7293V - STMicroelectronics

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Primare AB • Renvägen 1 • SE-35245 Växjö • Sweden • Tel +46 470

50 V, 1.0 A Schottky Rectifier
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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