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FST3384 10-Bit Low Power Bus Switch FST3 384
FST3384 10-Bit Low Power Bus Switch FST3 384

... Note 4: All typical values are at VCC = 5.0V, TA = 25°C. Note 5: Measured by voltage drop between A and B pin at indicated current through the switch. On resistance is determined by the lower of the voltages on the two (A or B) pins. ...
Experiment
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... setting. For, example, if the number of division is 6.3 and the TIME/DIV setting is 0.5 ms/div, then the period is (6.3 div) x (0.5 ms/div) = 3.15 ms = 3.15 x 10 -3 sec. The corresponding frequency is 1/3.25 x 10-3 = 317 Hz. (Remember that the calibration (CAL’D) knob must be turned clockwise until ...
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... linear ladder of comparators to compare many different voltage references at the same time • Very fast -> High Bandwidth • Requires many comparators – expensive (2n – 1) comparators for n-bit conversion • Therefore typically low resolution ...
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... Before considering the effect of the electrical time constant on Responsivity it is well to note that the electrical and thermal time constants are the limiting factor in following pulse duration. Namely, the output will decay from a step function to 37% of peak response within 1 time constant (τ). ...
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... On the other hand, too high increase of the proportional and integral gains can cause instability, and the controller becoming insensitive. ...
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... But even this theoretically possible high output current is not the perfect solution for the problem – since in practice, ohmic resistances of the feed and return wires to and from the fault location often prevent this maximum current from flowing. Already at a loop impedance of only 0.4 Ohm (for a ...
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... four-quadrant multiplying operation or a bipolar output voltage swing as shown in Figure 1. This can be easily accomplished by using a dual amplifier denoted by A1 and A2 and some external resistors. In this circuit, the A1 amplifier performs the currentto-voltage conversion, and the second amplifie ...
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... GTO (Gate Turn-off Thyristor) • GTO can be turned-on by a gate signal, and it can also be turned-off by a gate signal of negative ...
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... 1 :If control GND and power GND are patterned by common wiring, it may cause malfunction by fluctuation of power GND level. It is recommended to connect control GND and power GND at only a N1 point at which NU, NV, NW are connected to power GND line. 2 :It is recommended to insert a Zener diode D1 ( ...
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... the cost of the unit. Additional features for this type of data logger include an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with 16-bit successive approximation. It should also have 8 single-ended channels with individual A/D on each channel. Typical ranges for the voltage inputs include ±1V, ±2V, ±5V and ± ...
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... Abstract. Applications of power operational amplifiers (opamps) are increasing day by day in the industry as they are used in audio amplifiers, Piezo transducer systems and the electron deflection systems. Power operational amplifiers have all the features of a general purpose opamp except the addit ...
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... The XBee module costs $19.00 per unit. It runs at 2.4 GHz. Input voltage(operating voltage) is 3.3V. The current: • when it is receiving data is 50mA, • while it is transmitting the current is 45mA • while it is in power-down mode it runs below 10µA. • Its sensitivity is at -92dBm. • The chips opera ...
Static Frequency Converter TMP-TS150/TMP
Static Frequency Converter TMP-TS150/TMP

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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