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SMD-01A_ND16001E01
SMD-01A_ND16001E01

... VAO & VBO offsets represent the differences between the VA & VB cycle center lines and Vref1 (or Vref2). ...
Using a Source Measure Unit as a Device Power Supply for
Using a Source Measure Unit as a Device Power Supply for

... Device power supply for the semiconductor testing. The first is the resolution and accuracy of the power supply. Another factor that should be taken into account is settling time. (The settling time is the length of time for a power supply’s output to ...
CN-0036 8位至12位DAC AD5426/AD5432/AD5443的精密、双极性配置
CN-0036 8位至12位DAC AD5426/AD5432/AD5443的精密、双极性配置

... number of bits: D = 0 to 255 (8-bit AD5426), D = 0 to 1023 (10-bit AD5432), and D = 0 to 4095 (12-bit AD5443). In some applications, it may be necessary to generate a full 4-quadrant multiplying operation or a bipolar output swing. This can easily be accomplished by using another external amplifier ...
J. Hu, A.D. Sagneri, J.M. Rivas, Y. Han, S.M. Davis, and D.J. Perreault, “High-Frequency Resonant SEPIC Converter with Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges,   2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference , June 2008, pp. 1397 – 1406
J. Hu, A.D. Sagneri, J.M. Rivas, Y. Han, S.M. Davis, and D.J. Perreault, “High-Frequency Resonant SEPIC Converter with Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges,   2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference , June 2008, pp. 1397 – 1406

... This equivalent impedance can be used in place of the rectifier for designing the resonant inverter, assuming that the majority of the output power delivered to the load is transferred through the fundamental. The following design example of a 4W rectifier at a nominal output voltage of 7V illustrates ...
Module 3 – Networking media
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... Why teach electronics in a networking class? Simply put, most of the devices and processes involved in networking are electronic. While it is impossible to properly teach electronics in one chapter, we believe it essential to introduce some basic vocabulary. Any discussion of copper-based media, mus ...
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... The continuous mode operation, as any switching topology, is identified by observing the steady state behavior of the energy storage component. In the flyback topology, the storage element is represented by the magnetization transformer inductance, which is charged by the primary winding during the ...
generalized fryze control strategy for shunt and
generalized fryze control strategy for shunt and

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FJP13009 High Voltage Fast-Switching NPN Power Transistor FJP13009 High V

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... Power quality have become one of the key issue to be considered due to recommended limits for harmonics for supply current set by various international power quality standards such as International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000-3-2. For class A equipment (< 600 W, 16 A per phase), IEC 6100 ...
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... comes from the depth of the depletion region and the second factor is the usual Boltzman factor, but note the factor of 2 in the denominator of the exponent. To determine k you should measure the forward current as a function of U, starting at zero. Extend your measurement up to about 0.4V and obser ...
Investigating the Effects of Grid Equivalent Circuit at a Point of
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... terminals of interest can be easily observed. Thus, the Thevenin equivalent parameters can be related to the voltage at any bus in a distribution system. Changes to the Thevenin equivalent parameters can be caused by a reconfiguration of the topology of the system. Distribution systems have switches ...
ABB Template
ABB Template

... Because the open circuit voltage is limited by saturation of the core, the RMS value measured by a voltmeter may not appear to be dangerous. As the current cyclically passes through zero, the rate of change of flux at current zero is not limited by saturation, and is very high indeed. This induces e ...
Dec 2002 2500V/µs Slew Rate Op Amps Process Large Signals with Low Distortion at High Frequencies
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... given by the throttle used, but limited to a maximum level (and from rev14.5 to a minimum level that is a quarter of the maximum level). This maximum level can be controlled with the startup power parameter. Beware that setting startup power too high can cause excessive loading on ESC or motor! For ...
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HEX BUFFERS/DRIVERS WITH OPEN-COLLECTOR HIGH

... † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to ...
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... half of coil can be activated at a time can drive with two Arduino pins (left arrangement) or four pins (right) both use ULN2004 Darlington Array Lecture 3 ...
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AC Adapters - Mode Electronics

... 68-121-1 will remain the same part number, but will be replaced with a switch when current stock is depleted. 68-121P-1 will remain the same part number, but will be replaced with a switch when current stock is depleted. 68-125-1 will be replaced with the 68-1206S-1 (600mA) when current stock is dep ...
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Inverter Error Messages

... For Magnetek or Yaskawa you can find the manuals on their web site, www.drivers.com, go to “Our Products” select the model number then look for the “Documentation: header. Baldor currently does not have the manuals on their web site. If the manual is not available, you can call Milnor Service for th ...
HIGH PERFORMANCE CAR AMPLIFIER
HIGH PERFORMANCE CAR AMPLIFIER

... speakers, overload, or voltage fluctuation outside of the working range the protection indicator light will turn red and the unit will turn off. In order to solve this problem, you should turn all levels down, power off the unit, then carefully check the installation for wiring mistakes or shorts. I ...
LB-18 Plus 5 To Minus 15 Volts DC Converter
LB-18 Plus 5 To Minus 15 Volts DC Converter

... It is frequently necessary to convert a DC voltage to another higher or lower DC-voltage while maximizing efficiency. Conventional switching regulators are capable of converting from a high input DC voltage to a lower output voltage and satisfying the efficiency criteria. The problem is a little mor ...
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... is halved. Impedance matching circuits will thus be easier to design. ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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