• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
TD62604PG,TD62604FG - Toshiba America Electronic Components
TD62604PG,TD62604FG - Toshiba America Electronic Components

... exceed its absolute maximum ratings, when the wiring is routed improperly or when an abnormal pulse noise occurs from the wiring or load, causing a large current to continuously flow and the breakdown can lead smoke or ignition. To minimize the effects of the flow of a large current in case of break ...
TR-16230 S500-A7_r2.indd
TR-16230 S500-A7_r2.indd

... Notes 1. An external contactor must be used for control of 24 V pull in coils. 2. Insertion loss is the voltage reduction that occurs due to the module. 3. Operating a solenoid pull in coil at this cycle rate may cause overheating. Consult Trombetta for high cycle rate applications. **** Consult Tro ...
Engineering Standards for Power Design Specifications
Engineering Standards for Power Design Specifications

... Load factor - the ratio of the average load over a designated period of time to the peak load occurring in that period. Motor continuous overload capability/service factor - a multiplier which, when applied to the rated horsepower, indicates horsepower loading which may be carried continuously witho ...
Falcon F35 Series Digital Panel Meter AC/TRMS Voltage
Falcon F35 Series Digital Panel Meter AC/TRMS Voltage

... indefinitely. A remote switch can be used to make the connection. To activate the display hold, short terminal blocks #3 and #4 (Hold Ref and +Ref). This connection must be kept isolated from other circuitry. To hold multiple units, separate poles of the switch must be used to maintain the isolation ...
emc installation guidelines
emc installation guidelines

... Following the procedures outlined will normally be required for the drive system to comply with the European regulations; some systems may require different measures. Installers must have a level of technical competence to correctly install. Although the drive unit itself does not require control of ...
IS31LT3380 MR16 Lighting Evaluation Board Guide Description
IS31LT3380 MR16 Lighting Evaluation Board Guide Description

... voltage source higher than the LED voltage. The chip operates from an input voltage between 8.5V and 40V and provides an output current up to 1.2A. The IS31LT3380 includes a high-side output current sensing circuit, which uses an external resistor to set the nominal average output current. The IS31L ...
Introduction
Introduction

... 1. A digital filter is programmable, i.e. its operation is determined by a program stored in the processor's memory. This means the digital filter can easily be changed without affecting the circuitry (hardware). An analog filter can only be changed by redesigning the filter circuit. 2. Digital filt ...
distributed mppt based cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter
distributed mppt based cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter

Open-End-Winding PMSG for Wind Energy Conversion System with
Open-End-Winding PMSG for Wind Energy Conversion System with

... technology development has been mainly driven by size and power increase and search for higher efficiency. In addition to higher power ratings, the substantial increase in penetration of wind power in the utility has also shaped technology development due to more demanding grid codes, particularly i ...
The 208 ToolBox buildnotes for batch3 Assembly Some resistors
The 208 ToolBox buildnotes for batch3 Assembly Some resistors

RF5355 3.3V, 5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features
RF5355 3.3V, 5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features

... layout and ground vias. Other configurations may also work, but the design process is much easier and quicker if the layout is copied from the RF5355 evaluation board. Gerber files of our designs are available on request. The RF5355 is not a difficult part to implement, but care in circuit layout an ...
The basic theory of operation of the Simple Current Mirror (SCM) is
The basic theory of operation of the Simple Current Mirror (SCM) is

Physics 623 Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Conversion 1
Physics 623 Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Conversion 1

... the MSB.) Using the pulse generator square wave output to drive the counter, examine the DAC output ramp on the scope. Expand the trace until you can see the individual steps, as well as verifying the linearity of the entire cycle. VEE ...
Operating Point of amplifier and the class
Operating Point of amplifier and the class

MAX16956 36V, 300mA, Mini Buck Converter with 1.1µA I Q
MAX16956 36V, 300mA, Mini Buck Converter with 1.1µA I Q

... RESET signal. The device can operate near dropout by running at 97% duty cycle, making it ideal for automotive applications under cold-crank. The device offers fixed-output voltages of 5V and 3.3V, as well as an adjustable version. The adjustable version allows the user to program the output voltage ...
PDF
PDF

... The input signals (V4+aV1+b), (V3+aV1+b) (V3+aV2+b) and (V4+aV2+b) of the multiplier core will be generated by using voltage adder circuits[1]. B. Voltage Adder Circuit The simple analog voltage adder limits the input voltage range, they are not suitable with the one volt supply. Flipped voltage fol ...
Auto-biasing white LED drivers reduce overall power
Auto-biasing white LED drivers reduce overall power

... LCD module, which needs to be illuminated all the time. While there are many manufacturers of standalone white LED drivers, one technique for currentcontrol boost converters automatically optimizes current efficiency, regardless of the number of LEDs it supports. All color displays need some form of ...
Reactive Power Optimization in Electricity Market for Distribution Network
Reactive Power Optimization in Electricity Market for Distribution Network

... (2) Use the two criteria to calculate the optimal location of fixed compensation li* and capacitive current I*ci in the line when excluding capacitor price (Kc=0). (3) Obtain the optimal fixed capacity I*cf1, the optimal switching capacity I*cs1 and the running time T*s of capacitors banks which clo ...
How to Choose Power Supplies
How to Choose Power Supplies

MAX6948B High-Efficiency PWM LED Driver with Boost EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX6948B High-Efficiency PWM LED Driver with Boost EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

... The MAX6948B general-purpose input/output (GPIO) peripheral drives a series string of white LEDs (WLEDs), and contains up to five general-purpose input/output (GPIO) ports to drive additional LEDs. The integrated 2MHz boost converter minimizes the size and cost of external components and supplies 30 ...
MM74HC14 Hex Inverting Schmitt Trigger Hex I nvert
MM74HC14 Hex Inverting Schmitt Trigger Hex I nvert

hood_ss-amp.pdf
hood_ss-amp.pdf

Some problems with connecting renewable energy sources to the grid
Some problems with connecting renewable energy sources to the grid

... In this section, the details of how to implement a synchronverter will be described. A simple DC/AC converter (inverter) used to convert DC power into three-phase AC (or the other way round) is shown in Figure 3. It includes three inverter legs operated using pulse width modulation (PWM) and LC filt ...
PSS30S92F6-AG
PSS30S92F6-AG

... Input drive is High-active type. There is a minimum 3.3kΩ pull-down resistor in the input circuit of IC. To prevent malfunction, the wiring of each input should be as short as possible. When using RC coupling circuit, make sure the input signal level meet the turn-on and turn-off threshold voltage. ...
Introduction to Power Management
Introduction to Power Management

... Which control mode to use for various applications? – COT  cheap and easy, always stable but variable frequency & ripple – Voltage mode  most common in Buck, cheap and easy low component count – Current mode  most common for CCM in Boost, Buck-Boost, SEPIC, Flyback, very good performance but need ...
< 1 ... 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report