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Analogue Instruments - Crompton Instruments
Analogue Instruments - Crompton Instruments

... Standard dials are white matt with black printed scales and bar knife-edge pointers. Black dials with white or yellow scales and pointers are also available. Interchangeable slide-in dials are used on the E242, E243, E244 and E246 90° moving iron, moving coil and frequency meter models. General opti ...
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solid-state devices and circuits

... This performance advantage is the result of the close spacing between transistors within the monolithic substrate of the IC, which greatly reduces signal-propagation delay within a large system. Propagation-delay time is composed of two constituents: (1) the time required for a circuit stage (transi ...
MM80C95 * MM80C97 * MM80C98 3-State Hex Buffers
MM80C95 * MM80C97 * MM80C98 3-State Hex Buffers

... The MM80C95, MM80C97 and MM80C98 gates are monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors. The MM80C95 and the MM80C97 convert CMOS or TTL outputs to 3-STATE outputs with no logic inversion, the MM80C98 provides the logical oppo ...
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Viesturs Bražis. Asynchronous electric drive with frontal part winding

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Keysight L4490A/91A RF Switch Platform
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Actuators (Belimo) - Davies Supply Group Ltd.

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MAX44206 180MHz, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Fully Differential

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Comp-AC User`s Manual ACS 140 AC Drives for

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Chris Payne Yuan Chen ELE 302 Stage 1, Speed Control Report BLACK
Chris Payne Yuan Chen ELE 302 Stage 1, Speed Control Report BLACK

... are what we think they are. Lastly, if the car is running, we can use this terminal to remotely put the car in the off state – equivalent to pressing the IRQA button. Master Clock: This clock sends an internal interrupt every time the clock rises. This interrupt is caught by the our SpeedTimer_OnInt ...
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... dissipate any extra power, does not use additional (noisy) active devices and occupies a small area. The operation and performance of the presented circuit is extensively analyzed and compared to an ideal pulse biased technique. The presented analysis is confirmed by measurement results of two 2-GHz ...
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Ti-states: Processor Power Management in the Temperature

... accurately measure circuit speed changes in the chip under different temperature conditions. A PSM is a time-to-digital converter that reflects circuit time-delay or speed in numeric form. Originally designed as a voltage noise sensor, a PSM can sense minute circuit timing changes due to di/dt droop ...
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... 4.) Standard factory dimmer modules shall be available to provide controlled output for use with neon, cold cathode, and low voltage loads. IGBT dimmers shall function independent of load as a result and shall drive loads of 1 watt or less. Systems without this capability shall not be accepted. C.) ...
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... GENERATION AIR INTERFACES In this section, differences between W-CDMA and the second generation standards GSM and IS-95 (standard for cdmaOne) are considered. Second generation systems were built in order to provide voice services. Third generation systems have to fulfill new requirements such as bi ...
MM74C74M Datasheet - Mouser Electronics
MM74C74M Datasheet - Mouser Electronics

... The MM74C74 dual D-type flip-flop is a monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement transistors. Each flip-flop has independent data, preset, clear and clock inputs and Q and Q outputs. The logic level present at the data input is transferred t ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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