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Microcomputer Datasheets Important Notices TLCS
Microcomputer Datasheets Important Notices TLCS

... 2. Releasing STOP Mode by Voltage Detection The SRSS bit in the voltage detection control register 2 (VDCR2) provided for releasing STOP mode by voltage detection cannot be used because it does not function as expected. [Workarounds] 1. INTVLTD Interrupt Request Do not use the INTVLTD interrupt for ...
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... Examples of application circuits, circuit constants and any other information contained herein illustrate the standard usage and operations of the Products. The peripheral conditions must be taken into account when designing circuits for mass production. Great care was taken in ensuring the accuracy ...
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Effect of Lead Wire Lengths on Protector Clamping Voltages

... REDUCING INDUCTIVE EFFECTS The most obvious method of reducing inductive effects and thus optimizing protector capability is to reduce lead wire lengths in the protector circuit. If it is not possible to reduce the conductor length, other options are available. Inductance in a given length of conduc ...
Electrical Test Probe Station
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... Figure 12. Data saving and CV measurement 16. The probe station is also capable of measuring capacitance as a function of biased voltage. The measurement setting can be selected from my favorite setup, the CVSweep (Figure 12). In the test parameters, input the measurement frequency (75 kHz to 30 MHz ...
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TSS521 Meter-Bus Transceiver

... Figure 4. Single Mode Bus Load At a bus fault the shut down time of VDD (toff) in which data storage can be performed depends on the system current IVDD and the value of capacitor CSTC. See Figure 5, which shows a correlation between the shutdown of the bus voltage VBUS and VDD_off and toff for dime ...
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Chapter 7 – Troubleshooting

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Design and Implementation of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Sag Mitigation

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... noise capacitor. Transient response for a 10mA to 100mA step with a 10µF output capacitor is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the same setup with the addition of a 0.01µF bypass capacitor. Settling time and amplitude are markedly reduced. Conclusion These devices provide the lowest available output ...
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Experiment 7: Single-Stage MOS Amplifiers

... Find the input voltage VIN for maximum small-signal gain; call this value V2. Are V1 from setp 3.3 and V2 far apart? If we need to amplify a sinusoidal signal-signal input voltage vin with an amplitude of 100 mV, can we bias this CS amplifier with VIN = V2? Hint: consider the range of the total inpu ...
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LDMOS Technology for RF Power Amplifiers

... giving device cross sections and showing RF results of onwafer and packaged devices measured with load–pull setups. The evolution of the performance is discussed, including the key improvement parameters and the reliability [12], [13]. In the second half of this paper, we give an overview of the per ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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