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Crest Factor
Crest Factor

... The clock recovery circuit, whether based on a PLL or a Phase Interpolator (PI) and whether or not the reference clock is distributed, fabricates a data-rate clock signal based on the timing of the incoming waveform logic transitions. The resulting clock includes the low frequency jitter that is on ...
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... PF is expressed as decimal number between zero and one (0 and 1). A non-corrected power supply with a typical PF equal to 0.65 will draw approximately 1.5 times greater input current than a PFC supply (PF = 0.99) for the same output loading. The non-corrected supply requires additional AC current to ...
DC and AC Motor Drives
DC and AC Motor Drives

... • Figure 15.8 shows the polarities of the supply voltage Va, back emf Eg, and armature current Ia for a separately excited motor. • In forward motoring (quadrant I), Va, Eg, and Ia are all positive. The torque and speed are also positive in this quadrant. • During forward braking (quadrant II), the ...
Spec Sheet - Tycon Systems Inc
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DSI-700 Instruction Manual
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... 1.5-Hp, the complete AS line of integral motor-clutch drives from 1- through 40-Hp, as well as the full line of AT drives through 200-Hp. Instructions provided in this manual are arranged in their normal order of use. Beginning with general information on warranty, safety, training, equipment handli ...
Control characteristics for quasi-optimal operation of switched
Control characteristics for quasi-optimal operation of switched

... SRM with an induction torque meter. The motor was supplied by a converter that enables the independent regulation of all three control variables: phase voltage Uav (by means of the PWM method), switchon angle  on and conduction angle  z . The rotor position angle, and consequently the rotational s ...
LM393 pdf - Solarbotics.net
LM393 pdf - Solarbotics.net

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1.5 A 280 kHz/560 kHz Boost Regulators

... output of the error amplifier to control the on−time of the power switch. The oscillator is used as a fixed−frequency clock to ensure a constant operational frequency. The resulting control scheme features several advantages over conventional voltage mode control. First, derived directly from the in ...
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... surface-mount circuit board that contains a step-up switching converter generating +18V used to drive lowpower LCD displays. The circuit provides up to 20mA of current to the EV kit’s output. Higher output voltages up to +28V are possible by selecting different feedback resistors Power for the conve ...
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LM/TLC 555 Timer
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... The AD9850 is a highly integrated device that uses advanced DDS technology coupled with an internal high speed, high performance D/A converter and comparator to form a complete, digitally programmable frequency synthesizer and clock generator function. When referenced to an accurate clock source, th ...
124-02_Oscilloscope_Lab
124-02_Oscilloscope_Lab

... the VOLTS/DIV set at 0.5 V and the TIME/DIV set at 0.5 s and record these settings into your lab book. When a new sweep starts push the tap key down ~5 times in succession, at about once per second. You have generated a “square wave” voltage. Once the “square wave” has been generated on your screen, ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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