The Two-Phase, Full-Wave Rectifier
... Because the limiting resistors will have to carry the ripple current of the reservoir capacitor it is best to use high wattage resistors. Even 7W resistors will usually get quite warm. Remember that the voltage drop across the limiting resistors will cause the HT fall proportionately. Alternatively ...
... Because the limiting resistors will have to carry the ripple current of the reservoir capacitor it is best to use high wattage resistors. Even 7W resistors will usually get quite warm. Remember that the voltage drop across the limiting resistors will cause the HT fall proportionately. Alternatively ...
MAX485 Low Power, Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS
... The MAX485 is low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication. IC contains one driver and one receiver. The driver slew rates of the MAX485 is not limited, allowing them to transmit up to 2.5Mbps. These transceivers draw between 120µA and 500µA of supply current when unloaded or fully loa ...
... The MAX485 is low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication. IC contains one driver and one receiver. The driver slew rates of the MAX485 is not limited, allowing them to transmit up to 2.5Mbps. These transceivers draw between 120µA and 500µA of supply current when unloaded or fully loa ...
RF2516 VHF/UHF TRANSMITTER Features
... phase shift. The tuned circuit is located in the collectors, and is comprised of internal varactors and external inductors. The designer selects the inductors for the desired frequency of operation. These inductors also provide DC bias for the VCO. The output of the VCO is buffered and applied to th ...
... phase shift. The tuned circuit is located in the collectors, and is comprised of internal varactors and external inductors. The designer selects the inductors for the desired frequency of operation. These inductors also provide DC bias for the VCO. The output of the VCO is buffered and applied to th ...
click here - SMDP-VLSI
... Let us start with a simple amplifier that can give us at the output a signal proportional to the difference between two signals, each with reference to a ground. In a MOSFET under small signal conditions the output current is proportional to the signal voltage across the gate and source. As is obvi ...
... Let us start with a simple amplifier that can give us at the output a signal proportional to the difference between two signals, each with reference to a ground. In a MOSFET under small signal conditions the output current is proportional to the signal voltage across the gate and source. As is obvi ...
Power Flow Control by Using DPFC
... Where VI and Ii are the voltage and current at the ith harmonic frequency, respectively, and φi is the corresponding angle be- tween the voltage and current. Equation (1) describes that the active power at different frequencies is isolated from each other and the voltage or current in one frequency ...
... Where VI and Ii are the voltage and current at the ith harmonic frequency, respectively, and φi is the corresponding angle be- tween the voltage and current. Equation (1) describes that the active power at different frequencies is isolated from each other and the voltage or current in one frequency ...
LM131A/LM131, LM231A/LM231, LM331A/LM331 Precision
... The block diagram shows a band gap reference which provides a stable 1.9 VDC output. This 1.9 VDC is well regulated over a VS range of 3.9V to 40V. It also has a flat, low temperature coefficient, and typically changes less than (/2% over a 100§ C temperature change. The current pump circuit forces ...
... The block diagram shows a band gap reference which provides a stable 1.9 VDC output. This 1.9 VDC is well regulated over a VS range of 3.9V to 40V. It also has a flat, low temperature coefficient, and typically changes less than (/2% over a 100§ C temperature change. The current pump circuit forces ...
Conquering the Multi Kilowatt Source/Sink Test
... applicable for a variety of DUTs that need to be tested with a unipolar two-quadrant DC source. When the DUT is drawing or sinking power, the voltage is maintained by the DC source. When the DUT is generating or sourcing power, the voltage rises, the DC source cuts off, and the electronic load becom ...
... applicable for a variety of DUTs that need to be tested with a unipolar two-quadrant DC source. When the DUT is drawing or sinking power, the voltage is maintained by the DC source. When the DUT is generating or sourcing power, the voltage rises, the DC source cuts off, and the electronic load becom ...
FDN304P P-Channel 1.8V Specified PowerTrench MOSFET
... support device or system whose failure to perform can the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or with instructions for use prov ...
... support device or system whose failure to perform can the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or with instructions for use prov ...
Fuse Status Indicator Universal Power Alert
... The BFA Fuse Status Indicator shows normal or open fuse and also reports connection integrity. With a nominal 3-phase line voltage applied, the BFA Fuse Status Indicator flashes a normal LED green light that gives positive indication of a good fuse and integrity of the wire connection to each side o ...
... The BFA Fuse Status Indicator shows normal or open fuse and also reports connection integrity. With a nominal 3-phase line voltage applied, the BFA Fuse Status Indicator flashes a normal LED green light that gives positive indication of a good fuse and integrity of the wire connection to each side o ...
Robust Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Fed by a
... Wind energy is the most promising renewable source of electrical power generation for the future. Many countries promote the wind power technology through various national programs and market incentives. Wind energy technology has evolved rapidly over the past three decades with increasing rotor dia ...
... Wind energy is the most promising renewable source of electrical power generation for the future. Many countries promote the wind power technology through various national programs and market incentives. Wind energy technology has evolved rapidly over the past three decades with increasing rotor dia ...
MAX2181A - Maxim Part Number Search
... The MAX2181A is a highly integrated FM variable-gain low-noise amplifier ideal for use in automotive FM and FM-diversity active antenna applications. The device features an FM signal path, providing 30dB of gain range, controlled by an on-chip power detector. The FM signal path covers 76MHz to 162.5 ...
... The MAX2181A is a highly integrated FM variable-gain low-noise amplifier ideal for use in automotive FM and FM-diversity active antenna applications. The device features an FM signal path, providing 30dB of gain range, controlled by an on-chip power detector. The FM signal path covers 76MHz to 162.5 ...
Control Strategies - University of Detroit Mercy
... • To command the arm to an angular position of 30°, a set-point voltage corresponding to 30° is sent to the controller. This is compared to the measured arm position, and the controller drives the motor in a direction to reduce the error. • Feedback decreases a system’s sensitivity to disturbances. ...
... • To command the arm to an angular position of 30°, a set-point voltage corresponding to 30° is sent to the controller. This is compared to the measured arm position, and the controller drives the motor in a direction to reduce the error. • Feedback decreases a system’s sensitivity to disturbances. ...
review_transmission_media_v1
... • reflections from load end cause periodic repetition of voltage voltage & current cycles •Value of Z0 cycles from inductive to capacitive - depends on where it is measured Impedance Matched: ZL = Z0 • transmission line terminated with Z0 • transmission line impedance is constant • flat line (non-re ...
... • reflections from load end cause periodic repetition of voltage voltage & current cycles •Value of Z0 cycles from inductive to capacitive - depends on where it is measured Impedance Matched: ZL = Z0 • transmission line terminated with Z0 • transmission line impedance is constant • flat line (non-re ...
Builder`s Guide for issue 2 Classic VCA
... synth designs go, is that it is upside down. The input transistors, U1 pins 5, 6, 7 & 8, 9, 10, are PNPs. Most designs use NPNs. However, let's put that aside and see if we can work out how it works. The signal enters the VCA via either, or both, of the two socket connections, AC_IN and DC_IN. They ...
... synth designs go, is that it is upside down. The input transistors, U1 pins 5, 6, 7 & 8, 9, 10, are PNPs. Most designs use NPNs. However, let's put that aside and see if we can work out how it works. The signal enters the VCA via either, or both, of the two socket connections, AC_IN and DC_IN. They ...
High efficiency and low electromagnetic interference boost DC–DC
... circuit based on the switching sequence of power transistors. Therefore, low EMI and high efficiency can be achieved. 3.2. DTC circuit The power switches MN and MP always have very low onresistances for the purpose of obtaining high efficiency, so MN and MP should not conduct at the same time to avo ...
... circuit based on the switching sequence of power transistors. Therefore, low EMI and high efficiency can be achieved. 3.2. DTC circuit The power switches MN and MP always have very low onresistances for the purpose of obtaining high efficiency, so MN and MP should not conduct at the same time to avo ...
1.8-V MICROPOWER CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER ZERO-DRIFT SERIES OPA2333-Q1 FEATURES
... junctions formed from connecting dissimilar conductors. These thermally-generated potentials can be made to cancel by ensuring they are equal on both input terminals. Other layout and design considerations include: • Use low thermoelectric-coefficient conditions (avoid dissimilar metals) • Thermally ...
... junctions formed from connecting dissimilar conductors. These thermally-generated potentials can be made to cancel by ensuring they are equal on both input terminals. Other layout and design considerations include: • Use low thermoelectric-coefficient conditions (avoid dissimilar metals) • Thermally ...
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control
... techniques differ greatly in approach for estimating the position or the type of motor to which they can be applied. At low speed, special techniques like high frequency injection or open-loop start-up (not very efficient) are needed to spin the motor over the speed where BEMF is sufficiently high f ...
... techniques differ greatly in approach for estimating the position or the type of motor to which they can be applied. At low speed, special techniques like high frequency injection or open-loop start-up (not very efficient) are needed to spin the motor over the speed where BEMF is sufficiently high f ...
GS2 Sensor (AGS2) - Panasonic Industrial Devices
... • A large noise on the power supply may cause malfunction. Place the recommended capacitor near the sensor (within 20 mm 0.787 inch of the wiring pattern length) between sensor input terminals (VDD-GND) to secure power superimposed noise resistance. Test with the actual machine and reselect the capa ...
... • A large noise on the power supply may cause malfunction. Place the recommended capacitor near the sensor (within 20 mm 0.787 inch of the wiring pattern length) between sensor input terminals (VDD-GND) to secure power superimposed noise resistance. Test with the actual machine and reselect the capa ...
SECTION 13 - Voltage Multipliers, Inc.
... An equivalent parallel multiplier would require each capacitor stage to equal the total series capacitance of the AC capacitor bank. In the above example, the 3 capacitors in the AC bank would equal 1000pF/3 or 333pF. The parallel equivalent would require 333pF capacitors in each stage. (See Figure ...
... An equivalent parallel multiplier would require each capacitor stage to equal the total series capacitance of the AC capacitor bank. In the above example, the 3 capacitors in the AC bank would equal 1000pF/3 or 333pF. The parallel equivalent would require 333pF capacitors in each stage. (See Figure ...
Install Guide
... The programmable switch inputs can accept maintained contacts or momentary contacts up to 24 VDC. This requires sinking capability to pull the input below 1 VDC to counteract the pull up of 1 mADC. Typically, dry contacts (0 V) are used to eliminate the need for an external power supply to power the ...
... The programmable switch inputs can accept maintained contacts or momentary contacts up to 24 VDC. This requires sinking capability to pull the input below 1 VDC to counteract the pull up of 1 mADC. Typically, dry contacts (0 V) are used to eliminate the need for an external power supply to power the ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.