• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
its-50c transfer switch
its-50c transfer switch

... powercord, the test may only hi-pot the cord itself; it may not test the RV wiring beyond the switch. The hi-pot test should be performed from either the transfer switch output or from the main panel. Test as follows: I. Turn on all circuit breakers in the panel. II. Make sure the generator is off. ...
smart power solutions
smart power solutions

... Suitable for both wet-cell and sealed lead-acid batteries. Uses pulse width modulation for optimal 3-stage charging. Compatible with all types of solar arrays. Potted in epoxy resin making it water resistant and suitable for use in areas of high humidity. Features over current, over voltage, short c ...
A PASSIVE DAMPING NETWORK FOR SINGLE PHASE MATRIX
A PASSIVE DAMPING NETWORK FOR SINGLE PHASE MATRIX

... input source of a SPMC circuit can be either a DC or single-phase AC. The output also can be either AC or DC. It’s depends on the switching strategy, and control strategy that will be implement. ...
Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power and Current Strategies for
Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power and Current Strategies for

... Control strategies for extracting the three-phase reference currents for shunt active power filters are compared, evaluating their performance under different source conditions with PI and Fuzzy Controllers in MATLAB/Simulink environment When the supply voltages are balanced and sinusoidal, the two ...
EH25815821
EH25815821

Graphical User Interface for Numerical Protection Relay
Graphical User Interface for Numerical Protection Relay

... operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays ...
a AN-420 APPLICATION NOTE •
a AN-420 APPLICATION NOTE •

... AD9708/AD9760/AD9762/AD9764-EB is shipped without the output op amp and its support components. Table II details the components that can be mounted with the amplifier (refer to the schematics in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 13). By mounting the components outlined in Table II, various amplifier configuration ...
modeling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor
modeling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor

... of currents and voltages in different parts of the inverter and motor under transient and steady conditions. The losses in different parts are calculated, facilitating the design of the inverter. A closed loop control system with a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in the speed loop has been des ...
MAX8614A/MAX8614B Dual-Output (+ and -) DC-DC Converters for CCD General Description
MAX8614A/MAX8614B Dual-Output (+ and -) DC-DC Converters for CCD General Description

... The step-up converter generates a positive output voltage up to 24V. An internal power switch, internal TrueShutdown load switch (PVP), and external catch diode allow conversion efficiencies as high as 90%. The internal load switch disconnects the battery from the load by opening the battery connect ...
Datasheet TOE 8951 to TOE 8952
Datasheet TOE 8951 to TOE 8952

Instructions for SLO-SYN® MICRO SERIES Translator Oscillator
Instructions for SLO-SYN® MICRO SERIES Translator Oscillator

A Review on Load Balancing on Distribution System
A Review on Load Balancing on Distribution System

... the service zones can be transferred from the heavily loaded transformers/feeders to the lightly loaded ones so that the distribution system will become more balanced and the risk of overloading can be reduced. The balancing load on distribution system required for • It reduces demand during critica ...
SKHIBS 01 Absolute Maximum Ratings Ta = 25 °C Electrical
SKHIBS 01 Absolute Maximum Ratings Ta = 25 °C Electrical

... Switching on of the IGBT is made with + 15 V, switching off is made with 0 V. This IC also monitors the VCE-voltage of the brake chopper. If there is a short circuit, the VCE-monitoring delivers a error signal at PIN 8 "ERROR" when the voltage exceed typ. 5.3 V. When the brake chopper is not in use, ...
DRM-24V480W1PN (October 2016, Rev. 00)
DRM-24V480W1PN (October 2016, Rev. 00)

... To guarantee sufficient convection cooling, please refer to the following instructions to ensure sufficient clearance around the device. Vertical Mounting: 40mm (1.57 inch) above and 20mm (0.79 inch) below the device as well as a lateral distance of 5mm (0.2 inch) to other units. In case the adjacen ...
High Voltage and Load Current Monitors
High Voltage and Load Current Monitors

SQ2330983103
SQ2330983103

... parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks” [1]. The robots have to interact with their environment, which is an important objective in the development of robots. This interaction is commonly accomplished by means of some sort of ...
High Step-Up Converter With Coupled
High Step-Up Converter With Coupled

... the voltage gain (whether the switch is turned on or turned off). Moreover, a passive regenerative snubber is utilized for absorbing the energy of stray inductance so that the switch duty cycle can be operated under a wide range, and the related voltage gain is higher than other coupled-inductor-bas ...
Transmitter and Receiver Circuit Design
Transmitter and Receiver Circuit Design

... manufacturing companies, thus there is little reason to advertise to the masses online. Ciena has a list compiled of dozens of companies from whom they do business with. Our search produced few of the names on that list, and, unfortunately, we as students don’t have access to them. Most of the comp ...
How to Convert a Computer ATX Power Supply to a
How to Convert a Computer ATX Power Supply to a

... If you are not sure of the power supply, test it in the computer before you harvest. Does the computer power on? Does the PSU fan come on? You can place your voltmeter leads into an extra plug (for disk drives). It should read close to 5V (between red and black wires). A supply that you have pulled ...
AN-107 - IXYS Integrated Circuits Division
AN-107 - IXYS Integrated Circuits Division

SUB-CUB 1/2 - COMPLETE 6-DIGIT COMPONENT COUNTERS
SUB-CUB 1/2 - COMPLETE 6-DIGIT COMPONENT COUNTERS

... remote “off-board” signal sources are used. This illustration shows a SUBCUB being used in an elementary counting application to depict some of the buffering methods that can be used. The Count Input is buffered by the NPN Transistor input circuit. The base resistance is split into two 10 K resistor ...
Complete PDF Edition (2,171 KB)
Complete PDF Edition (2,171 KB)

... depicted in Fig. 1, one of the divided power stage blocks, Tr1, is supplied with a base bias current through the emitter follower circuit as well as the resistor in the added current-drive supply circuit, resulting in high output operation. The other power stage block, Tr2, is supplied with a base b ...
Freeman 380/385 Engine and DVC-10 Controls
Freeman 380/385 Engine and DVC-10 Controls

... the Tension System Gauge (see Figure 2 page 2) located on the front of the baler. The type of material, moisture content and other factors will often change how the density setting affects the amount of compacting force required to push the bale through the chamber. Drier materials like Straw and so ...
NCP1027 - High-Voltage Switcher for Medium Power
NCP1027 - High-Voltage Switcher for Medium Power

MAX2160EVKIT.pdf
MAX2160EVKIT.pdf

... possible to minimize radiation and insertion loss. Place supply-decoupling capacitors as close to the device as possible. Solder the package’s exposed paddle evenly to the board ground plane for a low-inductance ground connection and for improved thermal dissipation. ...
< 1 ... 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report