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UNIT-IV 1 Mark questions
UNIT-IV 1 Mark questions

... 14. A 220 V shunt motor develops a torque of 54 N-m at armature current of 10 A.The torque produced when the armature current is 20 A, is (a) 54 N-m (b) 81 N-m (c) 108 N-m (d) None of the above 15. The d.c. series motor should never be switched on at no load because (a) the field current is zero ...
Evaluates:  MAX9390/MAX9391 MAX9390 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX9390/MAX9391 MAX9390 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... pins J5–J8 with shielded twisted-pair cables or differential probes. Pin 1 is the inverting signal (OUT_) and Pin 2 is the noninverting signal (OUT_). When testing the EV kit using differential probes or twisted pairs, populate resistor PCB pads R11–R18 with 49.9Ω (0603) surface-mount resistors. In ...
Film Capacitors - AC Capacitors - Application Note
Film Capacitors - AC Capacitors - Application Note

... The standard bidirectional asynchronous induction motors used in appliances such as washing machines have two windings: main and auxiliary. A run capacitor is needed to start the motor into the required direction by phase shift. Electromechanical switches are used to control it (on-off, direction of ...
BTS5460SF Datasheet - Mouser Electronics
BTS5460SF Datasheet - Mouser Electronics

... This board is part of the SPOC (SPI power controller for advanced light control) demo kit. The demo kit consists of the power unit and the control unit (XC2287 power easy kit - to be ordered separately). This board is part of the SPOC (SPI power controller for advanced light control) demo kit. The d ...
ECEN5817L38 - University of Colorado Boulder
ECEN5817L38 - University of Colorado Boulder

... wave voltage. Phase-shifted control of converter output ECEN 5817 Resonant and Soft-Switching Techniques in Power Electronics ...
TRANSIENT PROTECTION SOLUTIONS: Transil™ diode versus
TRANSIENT PROTECTION SOLUTIONS: Transil™ diode versus

... Figure 5 gives their behavior when submitted to ESD strikes. In this case the Transil™ diode is much faster than the Varistor to clamp and to derivate surge energy. Turn-on time measured on a Transil is typically below the 10 picosecond level, while a Varistor will be in the range of 500 to 1000 ps ...
consonance
consonance

... The CN3702 is a constant current, constant voltage Li-Ion battery charger controller that adopts PWM step-down (buck) switching architecture. The charge current is set by an external sense resistor (RCS) across the CSP and BAT pins. The final battery regulation voltage in constant voltage mode is in ...
Voltage conversion ratios for switched-capacitor
Voltage conversion ratios for switched-capacitor

... circuit, the switches are connected in such a way that when each device is turned on, the device current is the same as the instantaneous inductor current. Hence, it creates zero-current turn-on mechanism. When the resonant currents increase to peak value in sinusoidal resonant ...
BTEC-Electronics
BTEC-Electronics

Static Voltage Stability Using FACTS Controllers
Static Voltage Stability Using FACTS Controllers

... are many reactive compensation devices used by the utilities for this purpose, each of which has its own characteristics and limitations. However, the utility would like to achieve this with the most beneficial compensation device. Introducing the sources of reactive power, i.e., shunt capacitors an ...
3-Channel SDTV Video Amp w/5th Order Filters and 6
3-Channel SDTV Video Amp w/5th Order Filters and 6

... Stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolut ...
Build a 2-Stage Power Attenuator for Your High Powered Tube Amp
Build a 2-Stage Power Attenuator for Your High Powered Tube Amp

Rabi Oscillations in a Large Josephson-Junction
Rabi Oscillations in a Large Josephson-Junction

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DDD_PowerMonitoringSystem

... When a disturbance occurs in a power system due to switching or a fault the location of the cause of the event relative to the metering location can be determined by examining the change to voltage and current when the event occurs. Analyzing direction information from multiple meter locations in a ...
Low-Cost Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Mahdi Salimi
Low-Cost Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Mahdi Salimi

... portion of the total system cost. In this paper a practical and effective approaches is considered to reduce this part costs. In recent years, lots of researches on grid connected photovoltaic systems has been done[7]-[14]. In [7] an efficient method for power factor correction of local loads with g ...
ST7540 FSK powerline transceiver design guide for AMR
ST7540 FSK powerline transceiver design guide for AMR

... The ST7540 can communicate using eight different communication channels (60, 66, 72, 76, 82.05, 86, 110, 132.5 kHz), four baud rates (600, 1200, 2400, 4800) and two deviations (1 and 0.5). Additional functions are included, such as watchdog, automatic control on PA output voltage and current, carrie ...
No Doze EEG Sleep Detector
No Doze EEG Sleep Detector

... The main objectives of the signal processing module are to determine the frequency of the EEG signal, classify that frequency as a specific awareness level, and then output based on the user’s awareness state. The module has one input and four outputs. The single input is an analog AC voltage signal ...
Low Inductance DC
Low Inductance DC

...  Also the capacitors have to be decided  Capacitors with different internal stray inductance are available  Choose a capacitor with very low stray inductance! ...
Diode Turn-On Time Induced Failures in Switching Regulators
Diode Turn-On Time Induced Failures in Switching Regulators

... 2A, from the maximum input voltage, 36V. There are two traces in the plot, one for the vertical and horizontal orientations of the test lab’s receiver antenna. As shown in the figure, the LTM8032 easily meets the CISPR 22 class B limits, with 20db of margin for most of the frequency spectrum, with ...
Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Analog-to-Digital Conversion

... Note the much faster update time than any of the other "counting" ADC circuits. Also note how at the very beginning of the plot where the counter had to "catch up" with the analog signal, the rate of change for the output was identical to that of the first counting ADC. Also, with no shift register ...
Pololu Orangutan SV-xx8 and LV
Pololu Orangutan SV-xx8 and LV

... On the Orangutan LV-168, the total current available to the 5 V line is approximately 150 mA, but the exact amount depends on your input voltage. On the Orangutan SV-xx8, the total current available to the 5 V line is 3 A, meaning you can power servos and other high-power peripherals directly from y ...
MAX5923 +60V Simple Swapper Hot-Swap Switch General Description Features
MAX5923 +60V Simple Swapper Hot-Swap Switch General Description Features

... built-in safety features that monitor fault conditions and prevent damage to the internal MOSFET. The MAX5923 monitors three parameters for fault conditions: zero current, overcurrent, and thermal overload. The output overcurrent limit counts the time the MAX5923 spends in an overcurrent condition a ...
c-pro 3 NODE kilo - Programmable controllers
c-pro 3 NODE kilo - Programmable controllers

... GND ground MODBUS slave RS-485 port, MODBUS master/slave RS-485 port and CAN CANBUS port A1/+ positive pole MODBUS master/slave RS-485 port B1/- negative pole MODBUS master/slave RS-485 port A2/+ positive pole MODBUS slave RS-485 port B2/- negative pole MODBUS slave RS-485 port ...
Multiple output voltage regulator
Multiple output voltage regulator

... 1. Minimum operating voltage only if VP has exceeded 8 V. 2. In the sleep mode, Regulators 1 and 2 are off. In the coma mode, the state control circuit is also switched off, to make the quiescent current as low as possible. 3. Hold circuit can sink this current in the RESET state and the ON state. 4 ...
Deschutes – System Overview
Deschutes – System Overview

... Video Encoder and Filter The PNX8950 streams decoded video out of the QVCP5L port using single data rate clock. The PNX8511 video encoder takes the QVCP5L data in and sends the data straight to the video DACs in HD mode. The PNX8511 also has an internal SYNC engine that is only used in HD mode to ad ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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