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Evaluates:  MAX1932 MAX1932 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX1932 MAX1932 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... 11) Enter 0xFF into the “Data bytes to be written” box and click on Send Now. 12) Verify that the voltage at the VOUT pad is approximately 40V. 13) Header J2 is provided to monitor the parallel port pins supplying the CLK_P, CS_P, DIN_P (5V signals), and loopback signal. The CS, SCLK, and DIN pads o ...
Variable Speed Operation
Variable Speed Operation

... Marathon Electric recommends that any motors used with Variable Frequency Drives be equipped with suitable means to protect the motor bearings from shaft currents caused by common mode voltages inherent with operation on a non-sinusoidal power supply. Marathon Electric offers several options for mot ...
Fishbone diagrams for a forward converter
Fishbone diagrams for a forward converter

... MOSFET, which can go into an avalanche condition. Observing the IQ waveform, the red circle highlights the presence of a reverse current that flows through the body diode of the power MOSFET. If T reset is close to Toff, this phenomenon can induce dv/dt stress. Still, the Treset must satisfy the fol ...
initial current reduction of synchronous motors with salient poles by
initial current reduction of synchronous motors with salient poles by

... DC generators and works as a synchronous compensator. Taking into consideration the excavators' manufacturing date, technical solutions used at that time and their long life span, some original technical solutions have become outdated in the meantime, so it is necessary to replace them with new, mor ...
TS3DDR3812 - Texas Instruments
TS3DDR3812 - Texas Instruments

... DESCRIPTION The TS3DDR3812 is a 12-channel, 1:2 multiplexer/demultiplexer switch designed for DDR3 applications. It operates from a 3 to 3.6 V supply and offers low and flat ON-state resistance as well as low I/O capacitance which allow it to achieve a typical bandwidth of 1.675 GHz. Channels A0 thr ...
LLC resonant half-bridge converter design guideline
LLC resonant half-bridge converter design guideline

... base will be lost. In particular, FHA provides only a necessary condition for MOSFETs' zerovoltage switching (ZVS) and does not address secondary rectifiers' natural ability to work always in zero-current switching (ZCS). A sufficient condition for Power MOSFETs' ZVS will be determined in Section 3: ...
LT1166 - Power Output Stage Automatic Bias
LT1166 - Power Output Stage Automatic Bias

... RIN, current that was flowing in R1 and Q1 is now supplied through RIN. This effect reduces the current in mirror Q5/ Q6. The reduced current has the effect of reducing the drop on RT, and VT rises to make VO track VIN. The open-loop voltage gain VO/(VIN – VPIN2) can be increased by replacing RT and ...
ZXLD1370
ZXLD1370

... Gain setting input. Used to set the device in Buck mode or Boost, Buck-boost modes Connect to ADJ in Buck mode operation For Boost and Buck-boost modes, connect to resistive divider from ADJ to SGND. This defines the ratio of switch current to LED current (see application section). The GI pin has an ...
MAX5304 10-Bit Voltage-Output DAC in 8-Pin µMAX General Description
MAX5304 10-Bit Voltage-Output DAC in 8-Pin µMAX General Description

... clocked into the internal shift register through the serialdata input pin (DIN) on SCLK’s rising edge. The maximum guaranteed clock frequency is 10MHz. Data is latched into the MAX5304 input/DAC register on CS’s ...
frequency modulator
frequency modulator

Equalizing voltage levels in MV distribution network of Elektra Zagreb
Equalizing voltage levels in MV distribution network of Elektra Zagreb

... It was necessary to simultaneously measure voltages on all MV bus-bars in distribution network in order to establish state of voltage levels, define desired value based on measurement results and calculate tap position changes that needed to be done to obtain desirable voltage level. ...
SLI-80 - Cary Audio
SLI-80 - Cary Audio

digital mpa ii™ user`s guide
digital mpa ii™ user`s guide

ECG Quick Reference Guide
ECG Quick Reference Guide

... reject 50 and 60Hz noise, an operational amplifier deriving common-mode voltage is used to invert the commonmode signal and drive it back into the patient through the right leg using an amplifier. Only a few microamps or less are required to achieve significant CMR improvement and stay within the UL ...
Application Note Applications for Depletion MOSFETs
Application Note Applications for Depletion MOSFETs

... A Depletion MOSFET can also be used as a pass transistor for a linear regulator. Figure 9 shows a linear regulator circuit using a Depletion MOSFET and a zener diode. In the circuit, Q1 acts as a source follower where the source voltage (Vcc) follows the gate voltage (VG) minus the gate to source vo ...
FOD060L_FOD260L - 3.3V/5V High Speed
FOD060L_FOD260L - 3.3V/5V High Speed

... arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON Semiconductor products, including compliance w ...
TGA4903-SM初步数据资料DataSheet下载
TGA4903-SM初步数据资料DataSheet下载

2 Compensator Emulation
2 Compensator Emulation

Power MOSFET Electrical Characteristics
Power MOSFET Electrical Characteristics

... capacitances between the gate-drain, gate-source and drain-source terminals as shown in Figure 1.1. The gate-drain capacitance Cgd and the gate-source capacitance Cgs are mainly determined by the structure of the gate electrode, while the drain-source capacitance Cds is determined by the capacitance ...
Enhancement Loads
Enhancement Loads

... saturation (iD  K (vGS Vt )2 ), whereas if vGS  Vt , the MOSFET is in cutoff (iD  0 ). Since for enhancement load i  iD and v  vGS , we can describe the enhancement load as: ...
Noise suppression and prevention in piezoelectric transducer systems
Noise suppression and prevention in piezoelectric transducer systems

... the magnitude of the induced voltage can be reduced by locating a remote charge converter near the transducer and using twisted-pair cables between it and the amplifier. The amplified output also reduces the net effect of induced voltage. Remote converters are also beneficial because their lower out ...
E2E2-X5MY1-US Datasheet
E2E2-X5MY1-US Datasheet

... When the Proximity Sensor is OFF, the Proximity Sensor has leakage current. Refer to Leakage Current Characteristics. In this case, the load is imposed with a small voltage and the load may not be reset. Before using the Proximity Sensor, make sure that this voltage is less than the load reset volta ...
Si8660/61/62/63
Si8660/61/62/63

... High Level Output Voltage ...
2011 Problems
2011 Problems

... 1. Circle the letter of the best (one and only one) answer for each. [10 pts; 1 pt each] A) Resolution of an instrument is: a) the difference between its true output and its measured value b) the standard deviation of its measured output c) the largest signal that it can measure without distortion ...
MAX4575/MAX4576/MAX4577 ±15kV ESD-Protected, Low-Voltage, Dual, SPST, CMOS Analog Switches General Description
MAX4575/MAX4576/MAX4577 ±15kV ESD-Protected, Low-Voltage, Dual, SPST, CMOS Analog Switches General Description

... refer to integrated circuits. The MAX4575/MAX4576/ MAX4577 enable the design of equipment that meets Level 4 (the highest level) of IEC 1000-4-2, without additional ESD protection components. The major difference between tests done using the Human Body Model and IEC 1000-4-2 is higher peak current i ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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