• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
DS90CR283/DS90CR284 28-Bit Channel Link
DS90CR283/DS90CR284 28-Bit Channel Link

... CHANNEL LINK TxOUT/RxIN pins should be as close as possible to the board edge so as to eliminate excessive pcb runs. All of these considerations will limit reflections and crosstalk which adversely effect high frequency performance and EMI. UNUSED INPUTS: All unused inputs at the TxIN inputs of the ...
SIMATIC S7-200 SMART
SIMATIC S7-200 SMART

... industrial automation. Committed to R&D, promotion and application of latest technologies, Siemens has been instrumental in enhancing our customers’ competitiveness for over 140 years. Our state-of-the art automation products and solutions not only improve production efficiency but also reduce total ...
BD95513MUV
BD95513MUV

Single-Phase High Efficiency Motor Testing
Single-Phase High Efficiency Motor Testing

... A big disadvantage of this design is that the capacitor network is specific to certain loads. To supply different loads, capacitor values must be recalculated and then replaced to operate correctly. In addition, unbalanced motor voltages may have resulted in reduced torque and speed. This would have ...
Using Langmuir Probes to Measure Ion Velocities in Pyrotechnic Plasmas
Using Langmuir Probes to Measure Ion Velocities in Pyrotechnic Plasmas

... small quantities of singly ionized atoms. This pyrotechnic plasma can be maintained in the laboratory for only a relatively short period of time because the chamber fills within several seconds, eliminating the desired low-pressure environment. Furthermore, the fluctuating intensity ofthe burning py ...
SSE Shunt/Static Exciter/Regulators
SSE Shunt/Static Exciter/Regulators

... The SSE Solid State Shunt Static Exciter/Regulator offers the performance and reliability demanded by industrial and utility users. Basler's SSE utilizes solid state analog design to provide high initial response for improved motor starting and fast voltage recovery. It may replace the rotary brush ...
Solutionto QuestionBank
Solutionto QuestionBank

... I1 : load current ; I2: current through moving coil. The two fixed coils in series act as the current coil and the moving coil in series with R act as the potential coil. The moving coil is pivoted between the two fixed coils carries a current I2 proportional to V. This current is fed to m through ...
electrical symbol notes
electrical symbol notes

... THE GENERAL NOTES AS DESCRIBED HEREIN, APPLY TO ALL DRAWINGS IN THIS PACKAGE WHERE APPLICABLE. PENETRATIONS IN WALLS OR SEPERATIONS, REQUIRING PROTECTED OPENINGS SHALL BE FIRESTOPPED WITH AN APPROVED MATERIAL. REFER TO ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS. WIRING SHALL BE CONCEALED ...
Keysight Technologies High Speed Lightwave Component Analysis
Keysight Technologies High Speed Lightwave Component Analysis

... made of the small-signal linear transmission and reflection characteristics of a variety of lightwave components. A lightwave component analyzer consists of a microwave network analyzer with an optical test set attached to it. A precise electrical (signal generator) or optical (transmitter) source i ...
Product Specifications: CLS-EXP-DIM
Product Specifications: CLS-EXP-DIM

balanced three–phase circuits
balanced three–phase circuits

... 11.6 Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits A wattmeter measures the average power delivered to a load by using a current coil connected in series with the load and a potential coil connected in parallel with the load. : stationary & designed to carry a ct. proportional to the load ct ...
bq40z60 Charging Voltage Compensation
bq40z60 Charging Voltage Compensation

... The formula for the Minimum Output Voltage = 610 mV × (1 + R1 / R2), where we set R1 = 332 kΩ and R2 = 35.7 kΩ for a 3S configuration. So, the Minimum Output Voltage = 6283 mV The formula for the Voltage Resolution = (610 mV × (1 + R1 / R2)) / 256. So, Voltage Resolution = 6283 mV / 256 = 24.54 mV T ...
Metal Detector using a 2 Pulse Induction Coil
Metal Detector using a 2 Pulse Induction Coil

DAC 1 - godinweb
DAC 1 - godinweb

... ◊ Binary systems utilize only 1’s and 0’s. The negative symbol cannot be used. ◊ In a signed magnitude value, the bit in the leftmost position of a binary number is used to indicate if the value is positive or negative. This is the sign bit. The value following the sign bit is the magnitude. 0100110 ...
Effects of Varying Load on DC- Link Voltage in DFIG
Effects of Varying Load on DC- Link Voltage in DFIG

... 12kW dc windmill generator. It is, however, only since the 1980s that the technology has become sufficiently mature to produce electricity efficiently and reliably. Over the past two decades, a variety of wind power technologies have been developed, which have improved the conversion efficiency and ...
RHRG5060_F085 50A, 600V Hyperfast Rectifier RHRG5060_F085  50A, 600V Features
RHRG5060_F085 50A, 600V Hyperfast Rectifier RHRG5060_F085 50A, 600V Features

... RHRG5060_F085 50A, 600V Hyperfast Rectifier ...
INTELLIGENT MULTIPLEX SYSTEM
INTELLIGENT MULTIPLEX SYSTEM

Highly Efficient, and Compact ZVS Resonant Full Bridge Converter
Highly Efficient, and Compact ZVS Resonant Full Bridge Converter

... Table two compares the key component differences between Si and SiC topologies. With SiC MOSFET and high-resonant frequency at 260 kHz, the resonant tank is small with a lower components count. Also, the drive solution is simple compared to Si low-frequency solution at 130 kHz. This brings a lower s ...
Single Phase Induction Motor Speed Control
Single Phase Induction Motor Speed Control

International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 6 (2015) No.6, pp. 1917-1924
International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 6 (2015) No.6, pp. 1917-1924

... methods, an inter phase trans-former (IPT) was needed at the dc side to average the output voltage of each rectifier. To improve line current quality further, some modified IPTs cooperated with semiconductor switches were proposed. In [9], an IPT with taps connected to thyristors was proposed to imp ...
Triple Differential Transceivers (Rev. A
Triple Differential Transceivers (Rev. A

... monolithic integrated circuits designed for bidirectional data communication on multipoint bus-transmission lines. Potential applications include serial or parallel data transmission, cabled peripheral buses with twin axial, ribbon, or twisted-pair cabling. These devices are suitable for FAST–20 SCS ...
datasheet
datasheet

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE)

... for a wide input voltage range application. However, as the switch voltage is equal to the sum of the input and output voltages, this topology is not used for a universal input HPF rectifier. Current-fed type converters, which easily offer a high step-up ratio using a transformer, are attractive for ...
proper selection of control circuit transformers
proper selection of control circuit transformers

... At 100% rated secondary voltage, the percent rated secondary current is equal to 217.6%. This data locates the upper point of the impedance load line. Starter inrush current @ 70% secondary voltage @ 110°C (II3): ...
MWPR1516 16 KB Flash - Freescale Semiconductor
MWPR1516 16 KB Flash - Freescale Semiconductor

< 1 ... 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report