• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
4520.RF Basics and Getting Started 2012
4520.RF Basics and Getting Started 2012

... – Shorter range than a sub 1 GHz solution (same output power) – Many possible interferers are present in the band ...
A High Step-Up Converter with Voltage-Multiplier
A High Step-Up Converter with Voltage-Multiplier

... conduction losses. In addition, the isolated topology of the proposed converter satisfies electrical-isolation and safety regulations. The proposed converter also possesses continuous and smooth input current, which decreases the conduction losses, lengthens life time of the input source, and constr ...
Signal Encoding Techniques
Signal Encoding Techniques

... data represented by changes rather than levels more reliable to detect a transition in the presence of noise than to compare a value to a threshold easy to lose sense of polarity ...
Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications

... Manual, automatic control of lights Automatically control lights according to room occupancy, programmed alarms Energy efficient Cost: $300 for control panel, $213 for light bulb ...
Checking voltage-frequency ratio on variable speed - Techni-Tool
Checking voltage-frequency ratio on variable speed - Techni-Tool

V NL - UiO
V NL - UiO

... Kap. 25 - Power supply - Spenningsregulator Problem: As input voltage or load current increases, the zener diode must dissipate a relatively high amount of power – reduced by using a Darlington pass-transistor regulator ...
Fairchild Semiconductor`s
Fairchild Semiconductor`s

... Fairchild Semiconductor’s (NYSE: FCS) new 600V/30A IGBT, the FGH30N60LSD, addresses the need for low conduction losses in low-frequency (50~400Hz) industrial applications such as solar inverters, welding machines and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). Featuring extremely low saturation voltage (V ...
FDMF3030 — Extra-Small, High-Performance, High-Frequency, DrMOS Module FDMF3030 — Extra-S m
FDMF3030 — Extra-Small, High-Performance, High-Frequency, DrMOS Module FDMF3030 — Extra-S m

... 2. Operating at high VIN can create excessive AC overshoots on the VSWH-to-GND and BOOT-to-GND nodes during MOSFET switching transients. For reliable DrMOS operation, VSWH-to-GND and BOOT-to-GND must remain at or below the Absolute Maximum Ratings shown in the table above. Refer to the “Application ...
Prosine 1800.indd - Advantage Solar Wholesale Solar Dealer Supply
Prosine 1800.indd - Advantage Solar Wholesale Solar Dealer Supply

FDMF6821B — Extra-Small, High-Performance, High-Frequency DrMOS Module FDMF6821B — Extra-Small, Hig Benefits
FDMF6821B — Extra-Small, High-Performance, High-Frequency DrMOS Module FDMF6821B — Extra-Small, Hig Benefits

... NC ...
FPF1039 Low On-Resistance, Slew-Rate-Controlled Load Switch FPF1039 — IntelliMAX
FPF1039 Low On-Resistance, Slew-Rate-Controlled Load Switch FPF1039 — IntelliMAX

... The FPF1039 advanced load-management switch target applications requiring a highly integrated solution for disconnecting loads powered from DC power rail (<6 V) with stringent shutdown current targets and high load capacitances (up to 200 µF). The FPF1039 consists of slew-rate controlled low-impedan ...
What does the “PASSIVE” device mean
What does the “PASSIVE” device mean

...  device, where output power (Pout) is lower (or equal) than the input power (Pin),  device, where input power (Pin) is lower (or equal) than the output power (Pout),  all the semiconductor devices, e.g. LED, thyristors etc. 2. What does the “LINEAR” device mean?  device, that can be described by ...
an improved iupqc controller to provide additional grid
an improved iupqc controller to provide additional grid

... In contrast, power-electronics-driven loads generally require ideal sinusoidal supply voltage in order to function properly, whereas they are the most responsible ones for abnormal harmonic currents level in the distribution system. In this scenario, devices that can mitigate these drawbacks have be ...
Output Characteristics (DC)
Output Characteristics (DC)

... Parallel operation with sense leads allows a common point for the units to regulate their voltages to. Units whose output voltage has been calibrated to be near identical will now be able to supply a common load. De-coupled outputs will be sensed both, before and after the decoupling diodes, which i ...
display
display

... will prevent damaging our devices. Frequency Generator: The frequency and amplitude will be controlled by the Arduino, and manually confirmed with an oscilloscope. If the output voltage is too low, the amplifier will accommodate for the loss by increasing the gain. ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,

Sigma Delta A/D converters
Sigma Delta A/D converters

... – Finite DC gain (“integrator leakage”) causes DC offset and increased baseband noise – Always build the best possible op-amp for the first integrator ...
Yamaha CD-S1000 JLTi high-end CD/SACD player w/ JLTi level
Yamaha CD-S1000 JLTi high-end CD/SACD player w/ JLTi level

Slide 1 - Senior Design
Slide 1 - Senior Design

... • Create a portable device that allows users to store solar energy to operate and charge their devices in remote locations. The device must also be capable of charging from an external source (AC). ...
Document
Document

... theoretical limit is calculated for the maximum capacitor voltage ripple, and hence minimum dc capacitance values that can be used in the converter. The proposed low-capacitance StatCom (LC-StatCom) is able to operate with large capacitor voltage ripples, which are very close to the calculated theor ...
EE 1312227
EE 1312227

... modern technology and has revolutionized control of PWM method is the carrier-based sine-triangle power and energy. As the voltage and current ratings PWM method due to simple implementation in both and switching characteristics of power analog and digital realization. The improvements in semiconduc ...
FAN6863 Highly Integrated Green-Mode PWM Controller Features
FAN6863 Highly Integrated Green-Mode PWM Controller Features

... through the startup resistor charges the VDD capacitor (CDD). When VDD reaches turn-on voltage of 16V (VDDON), switching begins and the current consumed increases to 2mA. Then power is supplied from the transformer auxiliary winding. The large hysteresis of VDD (7V) provides more holdup time, which ...
ECE 3323 Section 2.1 Signals Power and Energy
ECE 3323 Section 2.1 Signals Power and Energy

SCR Timing and the Zero Crossing
SCR Timing and the Zero Crossing

... has transpired. Most systems will have a delay of about 6-8 degrees after the zero crossing before the SCR will turn on. So what happens? 6-8 degrees of delay on a 208V waveform is equal to a 400 - 600µs blackout, this may not seem like a lot but it is equal to a 30-40V drop in the output voltage. F ...
High Efficiency, 4A Output, Synchronous Step Down
High Efficiency, 4A Output, Synchronous Step Down

... The G5172 provides accurate regulation for a variety of loads with an accurate ±1% Voltage Reference (VREF) over temperature. Efficiency is maximized through the integrated 30mΩ MOSFETs and 350µA typical supply current. Using the enable pin, shutdown supply current is reduced to 2µA by entering a sh ...
< 1 ... 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report