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Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques
Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques

17-PN-Junction
17-PN-Junction

... a) Forward and reverse characteristics at room temperature: Turn on the temperature control unit and set the temperature switch to 25 oC. The power supply for the p-n junction has two independent outputs and two independent voltage control knobs for forward and reverse operation respectively. Connec ...
Modular Subprocessing
Modular Subprocessing

... shaft or after any transmission elements, depending on the desired result. It could also easily be replaced by an encoder, or any number of sensors that could be used to deduce position. In this setup, the pulse generated by the IFI RC now corresponds to a position instead of a speed. For example, a ...
Designing an Optical Theremin
Designing an Optical Theremin

... Originally, we used a for-loop to build the frequency table, and compare our value to it in order to tune the frequency signal. This design was too complicated and difficult to adjust so we discarded the whole schematic and used the threshold 1D array function. We built a 2D array that contained all ...
File tda2040 | allcomponents.ru
File tda2040 | allcomponents.ru

ch7.4_designandappli..
ch7.4_designandappli..

... Inductor releases energy. Capacitor charges ...


... Unlike a stepped voltage test, the ramped voltage test enables the user to separate the polarization and capacitive current components from the leakage current so that small insulation defects can be easily found. A single-phase test usually takes less than an hour to perform and can be done by one ...
Preliminary Project in Preparation for the Mid
Preliminary Project in Preparation for the Mid

... The conversion always introduces a small amount of error. The ADC will usually “sample” the variable at small time intervals, produce a number representing its magnitude, and then take another sample. It may do this several times a second. An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencie ...
A Low-Power CMOS Output Buffer A low
A Low-Power CMOS Output Buffer A low

programmable ac power source model 61500 series
programmable ac power source model 61500 series

3A1980
3A1980

... 6.7Vmin 8.5Vmax 13.4Vmin 17Vmax 6.7Vmin 9Vmax 13.4Vmin 18Vmax 16.5Vmin 18.7Vmax 33Vmin 37.5Vmax 16Vmin 19Vmax 33Vmin 38Vmax 35Vmin 42Vmax 70Vmin 83Vmax 35Vmin 42Vmax 70Vmin 90Vmax 59Vmin 67Vmax 72Vmin 133Vmax 59Vmin 70Vmax 118Vmin 140Vmax 70Vmin 110Vmax 7.5Vmin 11Vmax 70Vmin 550Vmax 7.5Vmin 11Vmax 7 ...
MAX16962 4A, 2.2MHz, Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter General Description
MAX16962 4A, 2.2MHz, Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter General Description

... The MAX16962 is a high-efficiency, synchronous stepdown converter that operates with a 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range and provides a 0.8V to 3.6V output voltage range. The wide input/output voltage range and the ability to provide up to 4A to load current make this device ideal for on-board point- ...
Using the Pololu 5V, 9A Step-Down Voltage
Using the Pololu 5V, 9A Step-Down Voltage

a high gain input-parallel output-series dc/dc converter
a high gain input-parallel output-series dc/dc converter

... the primary-parallel currents. In addition, the active switches are turned on at zero current and the reverse recovery problem of diodes is alleviated by reasonable leakage inductances of the coupled inductors. Besides, the energy of leakage inductances can be recycled. A prototype circuit rated 500 ...
Decreasing the output voltage
Decreasing the output voltage

... The maximum achievable output current of the board depends on many factors, including the ambient temperature, air flow, heat sinking, and the input and output voltage. During normal operation, this product can get hot enough to burn you. Take care when handling this product or other components conn ...
PMA-SA1
PMA-SA1

No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Inductor releases energy. Capacitor charges ...
Users` Manual - Mapletree Audio Design
Users` Manual - Mapletree Audio Design

... For simplicity, the schematic diagram shows only the left channel and the power supply. Both channels are identical. The inputs for each channel are applied to the input jacks J1a,b and fed directly to the volume control P1, which is a ladder-type stepped attenuator. The signal from the output of th ...
ST805C PON Power Meter
ST805C PON Power Meter

... ST805C PON Power Meter is specifically designed for the PON network construction and maintenance. It’s a useful site test tool for the engineers and maintenance operators of PON network of FTTX. It can perform in-service testing of all PON signals (1310/1490/1550nm) on any spot of the network. Pass/ ...
capacitor type battery charger
capacitor type battery charger

ECE 3235 Electronics II
ECE 3235 Electronics II

... somewhat triangular). Note that in this part, the amplitude of the input must be varied to keep the peak-to-peak value of the output constant at 10 V. 7) Record the value of the frequency where distortion starts. (note: Displaying Vin and Vout simultaneously on the same axis should help you detect a ...
Induction Machine Speed Control
Induction Machine Speed Control

Document
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... module integrated PV systems, fuel cells and other low voltage energy sources. Here a bidirectional boost converter is integrated with a resonant voltage quadrupler cell to obtain higher voltage gain. The auxiliary switch of the converter, which is connected to the output port acts as an active clam ...
O - Near East University Docs
O - Near East University Docs

... -,.ı,ever the wave forms of practical inverters are non sinusoidal and contain certain ·e-wave voltages may be acceptable: and for high-power aplications, low distorted oidal wave forms are required. With the availability of high speed power semiconductor devices, the harmonic contents of output vol ...
BD6586MUV
BD6586MUV

< 1 ... 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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