Hypothesized neural dynamics of working memory
... ble significances of oscillatory activity at different spatiotemporal scales (e.g., [36]). For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) activity may play causal roles, in some of its manifestations, even if it is epiphenomenal in others. Graded potentials and currents are more ubiquitous aspects of neura ...
... ble significances of oscillatory activity at different spatiotemporal scales (e.g., [36]). For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) activity may play causal roles, in some of its manifestations, even if it is epiphenomenal in others. Graded potentials and currents are more ubiquitous aspects of neura ...
Evolution and intelligence: beyond the argument
... critique of adaptationism). He also points out that chance historical contingencies may play a rather major role as well. Most evolutionary theorists, however, suggest that the conditions under which species level selection could contribute a significant adaptive result are quite restrictive and gen ...
... critique of adaptationism). He also points out that chance historical contingencies may play a rather major role as well. Most evolutionary theorists, however, suggest that the conditions under which species level selection could contribute a significant adaptive result are quite restrictive and gen ...
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness
... can be established practically immediately, and they can last indefinitely. LTM, as the term is used in this book, does not require synaptic growth. But it instead uses charge mechanisms that can react immediately. These mechanisms seem to be very different from those of STM neurons. The exact mecha ...
... can be established practically immediately, and they can last indefinitely. LTM, as the term is used in this book, does not require synaptic growth. But it instead uses charge mechanisms that can react immediately. These mechanisms seem to be very different from those of STM neurons. The exact mecha ...
Evolutionary Neurotheology - UTK-EECS
... the protophenomenon. For the sake of simplicity, we assume that intensity is a simple scalar quantity and that there is only one kind of intensity; other possibilities will be discussed later. Since all protophenomenal intensities are (ex hypothesi) of the same kind, how are some experienced as red, ...
... the protophenomenon. For the sake of simplicity, we assume that intensity is a simple scalar quantity and that there is only one kind of intensity; other possibilities will be discussed later. Since all protophenomenal intensities are (ex hypothesi) of the same kind, how are some experienced as red, ...
What is a Brain State
... has articulated a theoretical account of what one is. In fact this issue has received almost no attention and cognitive scientists still use meaningless phrases like ‘C-Fiber Firing’ and ‘Neuronal Activity’ when theorizing about the relation of the mind to the brain. Though the issue first arose in ...
... has articulated a theoretical account of what one is. In fact this issue has received almost no attention and cognitive scientists still use meaningless phrases like ‘C-Fiber Firing’ and ‘Neuronal Activity’ when theorizing about the relation of the mind to the brain. Though the issue first arose in ...
Quantum Models of Consciousness
... of matter in time. From this point of view memory is not formed by data stored in the brain, but by links between different states of space-time, and consciousness would therefore be located outside the brain, in the space-time. In order to describe this concept Culberston coined the term psycho-spa ...
... of matter in time. From this point of view memory is not formed by data stored in the brain, but by links between different states of space-time, and consciousness would therefore be located outside the brain, in the space-time. In order to describe this concept Culberston coined the term psycho-spa ...
system quanta as discrete units of behavior
... are known to be produced by the rotator spin moments of interacting particles. Spin moment corresponds to the direction of the spin, which can change its direction when new information influences molecular environment of the particles. Two opposite tendencies continually operate in every system quan ...
... are known to be produced by the rotator spin moments of interacting particles. Spin moment corresponds to the direction of the spin, which can change its direction when new information influences molecular environment of the particles. Two opposite tendencies continually operate in every system quan ...
NEUROTRANSMISSION
... Corty says, “Right. But brains don’t have telephones or computers. Well, I mean, I do, but I’m…different.” The kids totally agree. Corty says, “Typical brains have to find another way to communicate with the rest of their bodies. And they do it by using the synapses between neurons—or brain cells—as ...
... Corty says, “Right. But brains don’t have telephones or computers. Well, I mean, I do, but I’m…different.” The kids totally agree. Corty says, “Typical brains have to find another way to communicate with the rest of their bodies. And they do it by using the synapses between neurons—or brain cells—as ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... Humans are social beings. One of the primordial functions of the brain is to enable optimal interaction with others. The success of social interaction resides in the capacity to understand others in terms of motor actions (intentionality), emotional perception, and a mnemic and comparative cognitive ...
... Humans are social beings. One of the primordial functions of the brain is to enable optimal interaction with others. The success of social interaction resides in the capacity to understand others in terms of motor actions (intentionality), emotional perception, and a mnemic and comparative cognitive ...
USC Brain Project Specific Aims
... We will use the challenge of understanding the mechanisms of visuomotor coordination and action recognition in the monkey brain to provide a structured set of goals for our mastery of Brain Theory: modeling interactions of components of the brain, especially more or less realistic biological neural ...
... We will use the challenge of understanding the mechanisms of visuomotor coordination and action recognition in the monkey brain to provide a structured set of goals for our mastery of Brain Theory: modeling interactions of components of the brain, especially more or less realistic biological neural ...
Brain Matters: Brain Anatomy
... object recognition and in storing information (memories) about objects. It is highly connected to other brain structures, including the amygdala, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex. These extensive connections allow the perirhinal cortex to specialize in associating objects with sensory information a ...
... object recognition and in storing information (memories) about objects. It is highly connected to other brain structures, including the amygdala, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex. These extensive connections allow the perirhinal cortex to specialize in associating objects with sensory information a ...
Brain Tumor Classification Using Wavelet and Texture
... According to the literature study, Mohd Fauzi Bin Othman, Noramalina Bt Abdullah [13] in 2011, performed classification of brain tumor using wavelet based feature extraction method and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Feature extraction was carried out using Daubechies (db4) wavelet and the approximati ...
... According to the literature study, Mohd Fauzi Bin Othman, Noramalina Bt Abdullah [13] in 2011, performed classification of brain tumor using wavelet based feature extraction method and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Feature extraction was carried out using Daubechies (db4) wavelet and the approximati ...
Sounds of Silence BU scientists are helping a paralyzed man utter his
... that didn’t exist. And when these tricks were discovered, Erik’s father recalls, “he would just die laughing,” an involuntary, spasm-like response that he still has when something amuses or excites him. But then two bouts of pneumonia robbed him of the stamina and reaction time needed to spell out w ...
... that didn’t exist. And when these tricks were discovered, Erik’s father recalls, “he would just die laughing,” an involuntary, spasm-like response that he still has when something amuses or excites him. But then two bouts of pneumonia robbed him of the stamina and reaction time needed to spell out w ...
The Mindful Brain - International Centre for Child Trauma Prevention
... prolonged, and overwhelming experiences. Whilst emotionally stimulating experiences promote brain growth, overwhelming affect and prolonged stress lead to the loss of the neurons required for building the cortical-limbic circuitry associated with adaptive affect regulation. • PET scans of babies’ br ...
... prolonged, and overwhelming experiences. Whilst emotionally stimulating experiences promote brain growth, overwhelming affect and prolonged stress lead to the loss of the neurons required for building the cortical-limbic circuitry associated with adaptive affect regulation. • PET scans of babies’ br ...
PDF
... substances, so that their metabolism requires the participation of three cell types for its completion, forming a tri-cellular metabolic unit (Baslow, 2000). These cells include neurons, where NAA and NAAG are synthesized and then released to ECF upon stimulation; astrocytes, target cells expressing ...
... substances, so that their metabolism requires the participation of three cell types for its completion, forming a tri-cellular metabolic unit (Baslow, 2000). These cells include neurons, where NAA and NAAG are synthesized and then released to ECF upon stimulation; astrocytes, target cells expressing ...
The Brain: Implications for Teaching and Learning
... All information enters the brain in the form of sensory input that is delivered to the brain via the spinal cord, the superhighway of the nervous system. Information enters the brain through the brain stem and travels through the limbic system on its way to the cerebral cortex. In the cerebral corte ...
... All information enters the brain in the form of sensory input that is delivered to the brain via the spinal cord, the superhighway of the nervous system. Information enters the brain through the brain stem and travels through the limbic system on its way to the cerebral cortex. In the cerebral corte ...
Neurons and Synapses
... Students will collect information from pre-set resources to develop understanding of the nervous system, neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. Information gather from this lesson will help them build models and participate in neuron related activities of future lessons. Time Needed: 1+ Period(s) ...
... Students will collect information from pre-set resources to develop understanding of the nervous system, neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. Information gather from this lesson will help them build models and participate in neuron related activities of future lessons. Time Needed: 1+ Period(s) ...
View Article
... to control the arm and tell it what to do, to where the arm is actually listening to what I want it to do,” he says. “The arm is trying to respond to me.” Even so, the system is brittle, easily flummoxed by anything outside the taichi startup sequence. The muscles and nerves in Lehman’s stump overla ...
... to control the arm and tell it what to do, to where the arm is actually listening to what I want it to do,” he says. “The arm is trying to respond to me.” Even so, the system is brittle, easily flummoxed by anything outside the taichi startup sequence. The muscles and nerves in Lehman’s stump overla ...
What Neuroimaging and Brain Localization Can
... models. Psychological models usually use hypothetical representations and processes that operate on those representations. By hypothetical representation, we mean a symbol for an entity in the real world. For example, a memory representation of George Bush might contain information about his appeara ...
... models. Psychological models usually use hypothetical representations and processes that operate on those representations. By hypothetical representation, we mean a symbol for an entity in the real world. For example, a memory representation of George Bush might contain information about his appeara ...
Are Bigger Brains Better?
... inputs from the retina. Insects and vertebrates have convergently arrived at similar solutions to process information within and beyond the visual periphery — retinotopic neural maps, consisting of local neuronal circuits arranged in ‘cartridges’ or columns that are repeated hundreds or many thousan ...
... inputs from the retina. Insects and vertebrates have convergently arrived at similar solutions to process information within and beyond the visual periphery — retinotopic neural maps, consisting of local neuronal circuits arranged in ‘cartridges’ or columns that are repeated hundreds or many thousan ...
PDF file
... and its effectors without using the handcrafted (or genespecified) content or the handcrafted boundaries for concepts about the extra-body environments. Feed-forward [36], [34] and recurrent [12], [49] networks, use images (numeric patterns) as representations. Recurrent networks can run continuousl ...
... and its effectors without using the handcrafted (or genespecified) content or the handcrafted boundaries for concepts about the extra-body environments. Feed-forward [36], [34] and recurrent [12], [49] networks, use images (numeric patterns) as representations. Recurrent networks can run continuousl ...
Identifying Hallmarks of Consciousness in Non-Mammalian
... magnetoencephalography (MEG) and definite changes in brain activity have been observed when consciousness of an object was reported (Srinavisan et al., 1998). In general, these results implicate the thalamocortical system in the generation of conscious states. In addition, evidence from strokes and ...
... magnetoencephalography (MEG) and definite changes in brain activity have been observed when consciousness of an object was reported (Srinavisan et al., 1998). In general, these results implicate the thalamocortical system in the generation of conscious states. In addition, evidence from strokes and ...
The Importance of Chaos Theory in the Development of Artificial
... One example input neuron in this system feeds its output back to itself with a high weight, as well as feeding its output to the neurons in the output layer, each of which has a low weight on the connection to this sample neuron (or, alternately, a higher threshold). Imagine that an initial input to ...
... One example input neuron in this system feeds its output back to itself with a high weight, as well as feeding its output to the neurons in the output layer, each of which has a low weight on the connection to this sample neuron (or, alternately, a higher threshold). Imagine that an initial input to ...
Neuron the Memory Unit of the Brain
... Neuron the Memory Unit of the Brain Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relat ...
... Neuron the Memory Unit of the Brain Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relat ...
Mind uploading
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Whole brain emulation (WBE) or mind uploading (sometimes called ""mind copying"" or ""mind transfer"") is the hypothetical process of copying mental content (including long-term memory and ""self"") from a particular brain substrate and copying it to a computational device, such as a digital, analog, quantum-based or software-based artificial neural network. The computational device could then run a simulation model of the brain information processing, such that it responds in essentially the same way as the original brain (i.e., indistinguishable from the brain for all relevant purposes) and experiences having a conscious mind.Mind uploading may potentially be accomplished by either of two methods: Copy-and-Transfer or Gradual Replacement of neurons. In the case of the former method, mind uploading would be achieved by scanning and mapping the salient features of a biological brain, and then by copying, transferring, and storing that information state into a computer system or another computational device. The simulated mind could be within a virtual reality or simulated world, supported by an anatomic 3D body simulation model. Alternatively, the simulated mind could reside in a computer that's inside (or connected to) a humanoid robot or a biological body.Among some futurists and within the transhumanist movement, mind uploading is treated as an important proposed life extension technology. Some believe mind uploading is our current best option for preserving who we are as opposed to cryonics. Another aim of mind uploading is to provide a permanent backup to our ""mind-file"", and a means for functional copies of human minds to survive a global disaster or interstellar space travels. Whole brain emulation is discussed by some futurists as a ""logical endpoint"" of the topical computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics fields, both about brain simulation for medical research purposes. It is discussed in artificial intelligence research publications as an approach to strong AI. Computer-based intelligence such as an upload could think much faster than a biological human even if it were no more intelligent. A large-scale society of uploads might, according to futurists, give rise to a technological singularity, meaning a sudden time constant decrease in the exponential development of technology. Mind uploading is a central conceptual feature of numerous science fiction novels and films.Substantial mainstream research in related areas is being conducted in animal brain mapping and simulation, development of faster super computers, virtual reality, brain-computer interfaces, connectomics and information extraction from dynamically functioning brains. According to supporters, many of the tools and ideas needed to achieve mind uploading already exist or are currently under active development; however, they will admit that others are, as yet, very speculative, but still in the realm of engineering possibility. Neuroscientist Randal Koene has formed a nonprofit organization called Carbon Copies to promote mind uploading research.