mean d 2 - Salamander Genome Project
... mean d2 maybe a better metric for detecting both high and low levels of divergence (especially for deeper cases of inbreeding). 2) Parental males and females appear to select mates such that their offspring have intermediate levels of genomic divergence. 3) Cuckolder’s take what they can get. Their ...
... mean d2 maybe a better metric for detecting both high and low levels of divergence (especially for deeper cases of inbreeding). 2) Parental males and females appear to select mates such that their offspring have intermediate levels of genomic divergence. 3) Cuckolder’s take what they can get. Their ...
QTXb20
... levels of selection that are used in each hypothesis? (you must give three biological examples, i.e., one of each hypothesis). 1. inbreeding avoidance, such as in the example that explains why males disperse further than females, which implies that there is actually an advantage for one sex in kin c ...
... levels of selection that are used in each hypothesis? (you must give three biological examples, i.e., one of each hypothesis). 1. inbreeding avoidance, such as in the example that explains why males disperse further than females, which implies that there is actually an advantage for one sex in kin c ...
presentation source
... - two basic formulas • Inbreeding (F) for an animal is equal to half of the relationship between its parents • Additive relationship (aXY) between two animals is equal to half of the relationship between the one animal, X, and the other animal, Y’s, parents, A and B ...
... - two basic formulas • Inbreeding (F) for an animal is equal to half of the relationship between its parents • Additive relationship (aXY) between two animals is equal to half of the relationship between the one animal, X, and the other animal, Y’s, parents, A and B ...
Analysis of inbreeding depression in the first litter size of mice in a long
... classical model of inbreeding, in relation to the age of the inbreeding. This was done in a long-term selection experiment on first litter size in mice with a total pedigree of 74,630 animals with ~30,000 phenotypic records. The experiment contained several different lines and the highest inbreeding ...
... classical model of inbreeding, in relation to the age of the inbreeding. This was done in a long-term selection experiment on first litter size in mice with a total pedigree of 74,630 animals with ~30,000 phenotypic records. The experiment contained several different lines and the highest inbreeding ...
Genetic Engineering - Lemon Bay High School
... that make each breed unique will be preserved. • Example: The many breeds of dogs—from beagles to poodles—are maintained by inbreeding ...
... that make each breed unique will be preserved. • Example: The many breeds of dogs—from beagles to poodles—are maintained by inbreeding ...
Udspaltning af den recessive q = 0,01 og p = 0,99 f(rr) = q2 = 0,012
... crossing, is called hybrid vigour or heterosis • Genes with dominance causes most effect on the ...
... crossing, is called hybrid vigour or heterosis • Genes with dominance causes most effect on the ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... Sexual selection - The advantage which certain individuals have over others of the same sex and species, in exclusive relation to reproduction (Darwin, 1871) ...
... Sexual selection - The advantage which certain individuals have over others of the same sex and species, in exclusive relation to reproduction (Darwin, 1871) ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.