Molecular Mechanisms of Floral Boundary Formation in Arabidopsis
... CUC genes form fusions between adjacent floral organs [5,6,61]. More importantly, CUC genes are key nodes of the genetic network that regulates floral organ boundaries. They act to control a suite of boundary-regulating genes, including ORGAN BOUNDARY1 (OBO1, also LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS3, ...
... CUC genes form fusions between adjacent floral organs [5,6,61]. More importantly, CUC genes are key nodes of the genetic network that regulates floral organ boundaries. They act to control a suite of boundary-regulating genes, including ORGAN BOUNDARY1 (OBO1, also LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS3, ...
Understanding Reproductive Isolation Based on the Rice
... The classical Dobzhansky-Muller model that genetically explains reproduction isolation was based mostly on genetic studies of animal models, especially Drosophila species (72). With the advent of molecular biology in the past few decades, and especially genomic studies in recent years, genes for rep ...
... The classical Dobzhansky-Muller model that genetically explains reproduction isolation was based mostly on genetic studies of animal models, especially Drosophila species (72). With the advent of molecular biology in the past few decades, and especially genomic studies in recent years, genes for rep ...
Click
... page in several ways, but the quickest and easiest is to simply click on the [Gene summaries] link found beneath each hit (click). This takes you to any Gene page that exists at NCBI for the accessions in OMIM. Note that there are other resources that are directly accessible by these links with each ...
... page in several ways, but the quickest and easiest is to simply click on the [Gene summaries] link found beneath each hit (click). This takes you to any Gene page that exists at NCBI for the accessions in OMIM. Note that there are other resources that are directly accessible by these links with each ...
Replication timing and transcriptional control: beyond
... assays for replication [29]. There are only two mammalian loci for which both replication-timing switches and origin localization have been studied. At the mouse immunoglobulin IgH locus, new origins are activated in pre-B cells when the promoter region of this locus becomes transcriptionally active ...
... assays for replication [29]. There are only two mammalian loci for which both replication-timing switches and origin localization have been studied. At the mouse immunoglobulin IgH locus, new origins are activated in pre-B cells when the promoter region of this locus becomes transcriptionally active ...
Full-Text PDF
... medium, the abundance of large rod/coccus cells progressively increased. To recover these cells from sub-cultures, serial dilution were made and spread onto LMM gelrite plates. Large white colonies were visible after two weeks’ incubation with all three samples. Three colonies from one plate of each ...
... medium, the abundance of large rod/coccus cells progressively increased. To recover these cells from sub-cultures, serial dilution were made and spread onto LMM gelrite plates. Large white colonies were visible after two weeks’ incubation with all three samples. Three colonies from one plate of each ...
30. genetic code
... acids can follow certain others. After the first one of the foremost advocates of the ‘Big-bang amino acid in a protein is coded, the next two theory’. He is perhaps best known for his and for that matter the remaining amino acids popular writings, designed to introduce to the in the protein are par ...
... acids can follow certain others. After the first one of the foremost advocates of the ‘Big-bang amino acid in a protein is coded, the next two theory’. He is perhaps best known for his and for that matter the remaining amino acids popular writings, designed to introduce to the in the protein are par ...
Mechanisms and constraints shaping the evolution of body plan
... Instead, the interesting results are the type of segmental patterning, the type of developmental program producing that patterning, the genetic encoding of this process, and the evolutionary trajectory leading to it. Put differently, what general type of phenotype evolves is now strongly constrained ...
... Instead, the interesting results are the type of segmental patterning, the type of developmental program producing that patterning, the genetic encoding of this process, and the evolutionary trajectory leading to it. Put differently, what general type of phenotype evolves is now strongly constrained ...
Supporting Information Legends
... in RAP-DB. The gray arrow represents LOC_Os04g59620, which is a paralog of LOC_Os04g59624. (b) Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the third exon of LOC_Os04g59624 between WT (upper letters) and enl1 (lower letters). The alignment revealed the presence of a T->A substitution and a nearby smal ...
... in RAP-DB. The gray arrow represents LOC_Os04g59620, which is a paralog of LOC_Os04g59624. (b) Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the third exon of LOC_Os04g59624 between WT (upper letters) and enl1 (lower letters). The alignment revealed the presence of a T->A substitution and a nearby smal ...
The Coat of Many Colors
... the epidermis, hair follicle, inner ear, and choroid of the eye (33). Melanocyte cell populations differentiate from unpigmented melanoblasts released from the neural crest during embryogenesis (33). The complex process in which melanoblasts migrate and differentiate into melanocytes is not fully un ...
... the epidermis, hair follicle, inner ear, and choroid of the eye (33). Melanocyte cell populations differentiate from unpigmented melanoblasts released from the neural crest during embryogenesis (33). The complex process in which melanoblasts migrate and differentiate into melanocytes is not fully un ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Folie 1
... For each of the reaction steps there seem to exist at least two functional variants (Fig. 2) that appear to be only weakly correlated with each other, so that almost any combination can be found (Fig. 3). The first step in the pathway is the uptake of oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds, usually sul ...
... For each of the reaction steps there seem to exist at least two functional variants (Fig. 2) that appear to be only weakly correlated with each other, so that almost any combination can be found (Fig. 3). The first step in the pathway is the uptake of oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds, usually sul ...
ARF-Aux/IAA interactions through domain III/IV are not strictly
... Figure 4. Dose response for 1-NAA on the expression of an integrated 2XD0:GUS auxinof an active chromatin state through histone responsive reporter gene in Arabidopsis nph4-1/arf7 protoplasts transfected with full-length acetylation and methylation/demethylation) or CTD truncated ARF5 or the ARF5 DB ...
... Figure 4. Dose response for 1-NAA on the expression of an integrated 2XD0:GUS auxinof an active chromatin state through histone responsive reporter gene in Arabidopsis nph4-1/arf7 protoplasts transfected with full-length acetylation and methylation/demethylation) or CTD truncated ARF5 or the ARF5 DB ...
Colicins produced by the Escherichia fergusonii strains closely
... The colicin E1 cea gene encoded by this plasmid had a one-nucleotide replacement (G211A) when compared to cea of pColE1-EF43, resulting in a one-amino acid change (A71T) in colicin E1 protein (Fig. 1). pColE1-EF3 imm and kil gene sequences were identical to those of pColE1-EF43. Consistent with this ...
... The colicin E1 cea gene encoded by this plasmid had a one-nucleotide replacement (G211A) when compared to cea of pColE1-EF43, resulting in a one-amino acid change (A71T) in colicin E1 protein (Fig. 1). pColE1-EF3 imm and kil gene sequences were identical to those of pColE1-EF43. Consistent with this ...
Figures and figure supplements
... pedigree). In pedigree B (montage shown in Figure 8B), GFP fluorescence was first detected in a small-budded cell that gave rise to two cells that remained green (1). Approximately 40 min later, the daughter cell of the preceding cell division also began to show GFP fluorescence as a small-budded ce ...
... pedigree). In pedigree B (montage shown in Figure 8B), GFP fluorescence was first detected in a small-budded cell that gave rise to two cells that remained green (1). Approximately 40 min later, the daughter cell of the preceding cell division also began to show GFP fluorescence as a small-budded ce ...
Skeletal muscle actin mRNA. Characterization of the 3
... Chick skeletal muscle A—A. Hybridizations were performed under conditions of excess RNA (as described previously (27). Hybridization reactions were incubated at 68°C for 1-5 hours. Each reaction contained in a total volume of 20 pi about 2000 cpm of 32 P-labelled DNA. ...
... Chick skeletal muscle A—A. Hybridizations were performed under conditions of excess RNA (as described previously (27). Hybridization reactions were incubated at 68°C for 1-5 hours. Each reaction contained in a total volume of 20 pi about 2000 cpm of 32 P-labelled DNA. ...
A novel C. elegans zinc finger transcription factor, lsy
... Fig. 3. lsy-2 encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein. (A) Sequence alignment of lsy-2 and its paralog, lsl-1, and their C. briggsae orthologs. Conserved cysteines and histidines in the C2H2 fingers (grey boxes) are indicated in red. A putative nuclear localization sequence is underlined. Mutant alleles ...
... Fig. 3. lsy-2 encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein. (A) Sequence alignment of lsy-2 and its paralog, lsl-1, and their C. briggsae orthologs. Conserved cysteines and histidines in the C2H2 fingers (grey boxes) are indicated in red. A putative nuclear localization sequence is underlined. Mutant alleles ...
Creating conditional dual fluorescence labelled transgenic animals
... In addition to messenger RNA that encodes proteins, non-coding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be involved in gene regulation at post-transcriptional and translational levels. For example, microRNAs, about 22 nucleotide long, are among the largest ...
... In addition to messenger RNA that encodes proteins, non-coding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be involved in gene regulation at post-transcriptional and translational levels. For example, microRNAs, about 22 nucleotide long, are among the largest ...
Rapid communication: Nucleotide sequence of red seabream
... Sequence Data. The red seabream β-actin cDNA clone contained 1,521 nucleotides (nt), including the open reading frame that encoded 375 amino acids. The stop codon was followed by a 3′ untranslated region of 342 nt, including the polyadenylation signal, AATAAA. DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank ...
... Sequence Data. The red seabream β-actin cDNA clone contained 1,521 nucleotides (nt), including the open reading frame that encoded 375 amino acids. The stop codon was followed by a 3′ untranslated region of 342 nt, including the polyadenylation signal, AATAAA. DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank ...
Weak Selection and Protein Evolution
... the DSE shown in Figure 2A. Expected levels of polymorphism and divergence are functions of scaled selective effects, Nes (Figure 1), and Figure 2C shows the cumulative distribution functions for Nes across a range of population sizes. Many mutations that fall into the “effectively neutral” range in ...
... the DSE shown in Figure 2A. Expected levels of polymorphism and divergence are functions of scaled selective effects, Nes (Figure 1), and Figure 2C shows the cumulative distribution functions for Nes across a range of population sizes. Many mutations that fall into the “effectively neutral” range in ...
Centromere Locations and Associated Chromosome
... cannot map any genes lost in events such as the hypothetical loss of a centromere (see Figure 1). This means that we are unlikely to be able to discover the precise centromere locations of the three A. lyrata chromosomes involved in fusions. However, fusion events are expected to cause loss of a sma ...
... cannot map any genes lost in events such as the hypothetical loss of a centromere (see Figure 1). This means that we are unlikely to be able to discover the precise centromere locations of the three A. lyrata chromosomes involved in fusions. However, fusion events are expected to cause loss of a sma ...
Mutations in type I collagen genes resulting in osteogenesis
... gene in which the mutation did occur. Mutations in the COL1A1 gene may be highly deleterious, and even lethal, because they comprise three-quarters of all the procollagen molecules of type I synthesized (Fig. 3). In contrast, similar mutations in the COL1A2 gene would result in the loss of only half ...
... gene in which the mutation did occur. Mutations in the COL1A1 gene may be highly deleterious, and even lethal, because they comprise three-quarters of all the procollagen molecules of type I synthesized (Fig. 3). In contrast, similar mutations in the COL1A2 gene would result in the loss of only half ...
Pain Genes?: Natural Variation and Transgenic Mutants
... responses and pathology. Although there are only a few known examples in which single gene mutations in humans are associated with pain conditions (e.g. an inherited form of migraine and congenital insensitivity to pain), it is likely that others will be identified. Concurrently, a variety of genes ...
... responses and pathology. Although there are only a few known examples in which single gene mutations in humans are associated with pain conditions (e.g. an inherited form of migraine and congenital insensitivity to pain), it is likely that others will be identified. Concurrently, a variety of genes ...
Assessing in silico the recruitment and functional spectrum of
... genes from the PM repertoire [6, 9]. According to this theory, after initial gene duplication of the PM predecessor, subsequent mutations shape the biological activity of the gene copy in a way that may give rise to “abnormal” products. If not directly beneficial, these products might become so afte ...
... genes from the PM repertoire [6, 9]. According to this theory, after initial gene duplication of the PM predecessor, subsequent mutations shape the biological activity of the gene copy in a way that may give rise to “abnormal” products. If not directly beneficial, these products might become so afte ...
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY
... (1) a and c only (2) a and b only (3) b only (4) b and c only Ans (2) 49. Offsprings formed during sexual reproduction exhibits more variation than, those formed asexual method, because, (1) sexual reproduction is more complicated (2) genetic material comes from two different individuals (3) genetic ...
... (1) a and c only (2) a and b only (3) b only (4) b and c only Ans (2) 49. Offsprings formed during sexual reproduction exhibits more variation than, those formed asexual method, because, (1) sexual reproduction is more complicated (2) genetic material comes from two different individuals (3) genetic ...
TBK1 Gene Duplication and Normal
... factors are observed in healthy individuals; however, they are more commonly detected in patients with POAG than in healthy controls. Each of these genetic factors contributes a small risk for POAG, and although none may cause the disease on their own, in combination they may lead to the development ...
... factors are observed in healthy individuals; however, they are more commonly detected in patients with POAG than in healthy controls. Each of these genetic factors contributes a small risk for POAG, and although none may cause the disease on their own, in combination they may lead to the development ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.