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Gene interactions in the evolution of genomic imprinting
... expression pattern within a two-locus genotype. The degree of silencing at loci A and B are iA and iB, respectively. Positive values of iA or iB indicate the degree of silencing of the paternally inherited allele (i.e., the degree to which there is maternal expression), with a value of þ 1 indicatin ...
... expression pattern within a two-locus genotype. The degree of silencing at loci A and B are iA and iB, respectively. Positive values of iA or iB indicate the degree of silencing of the paternally inherited allele (i.e., the degree to which there is maternal expression), with a value of þ 1 indicatin ...
Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit and plant domestication
... Domestication traits often seem to be controlled by independent mutations at orthologous loci (Paterson et al., 1995), although this observation does not hold true in all cases (Li and Gill, 2006). The lack of detailed genome sequences and functional analysis of genes at the selected loci limits a t ...
... Domestication traits often seem to be controlled by independent mutations at orthologous loci (Paterson et al., 1995), although this observation does not hold true in all cases (Li and Gill, 2006). The lack of detailed genome sequences and functional analysis of genes at the selected loci limits a t ...
MATRILINEAL, a sperm-specific phospholipase, triggers maize
... and signalling (Table 2 and Extended Data Table 6). Given the intensive communication between the two gametophytes and the dynamic membrane reshuffling involved in fertilization28, we speculate that some of these differentially expressed genes may mediate one or more of the pleiotropic phenotypes tr ...
... and signalling (Table 2 and Extended Data Table 6). Given the intensive communication between the two gametophytes and the dynamic membrane reshuffling involved in fertilization28, we speculate that some of these differentially expressed genes may mediate one or more of the pleiotropic phenotypes tr ...
Chapter 1
... • Investigators seek to discover whether, in behaviour and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity. • Another method is to compare adoptive and biologi ...
... • Investigators seek to discover whether, in behaviour and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity. • Another method is to compare adoptive and biologi ...
11-2 Genetics Notes
... At the beginning of the 1900s, American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan decided to use the common fruit fly as a model organism in his genetics experiments. The fruit fly was an ideal organism for genetics because it could produce plenty of offspring, and it did so quickly in the laboratory. ...
... At the beginning of the 1900s, American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan decided to use the common fruit fly as a model organism in his genetics experiments. The fruit fly was an ideal organism for genetics because it could produce plenty of offspring, and it did so quickly in the laboratory. ...
Zebrafish Collagen Type I: Molecular and Biochemical
... coding for a third α (I) chain, named α 3, has been reported20. Based on amino acid sequence and on peptide analysis, the described third chain of type I collagen was shown to be phylogenetically more similar to the α 1(I) than to the α 2(I) chain. The similarity between α 1(I) and α 3(I) suggested ...
... coding for a third α (I) chain, named α 3, has been reported20. Based on amino acid sequence and on peptide analysis, the described third chain of type I collagen was shown to be phylogenetically more similar to the α 1(I) than to the α 2(I) chain. The similarity between α 1(I) and α 3(I) suggested ...
FUNCTIONAL INVESTIGATION OF ARABIDOPSIS
... Callose synthesis occurs at specific stages of cell wall development in all cell types, and in response to pathogen attack, wounding and physiological stresses. We isolated promoters of 12 Arabidopsis callose synthase (CalS1-12) genes and demonstrated that different callose synthases are expressed s ...
... Callose synthesis occurs at specific stages of cell wall development in all cell types, and in response to pathogen attack, wounding and physiological stresses. We isolated promoters of 12 Arabidopsis callose synthase (CalS1-12) genes and demonstrated that different callose synthases are expressed s ...
PH4 of Petunia Is an R2R3 MYB Protein That Activates
... The anthocyanin pathway has been shown to be activated by similar MYB, BHLH, and WD40 proteins in a wide variety of species, indicating that this function is well conserved (reviewed in Winkel-Shirley, 2001; Koes et al., 2005). Several studies revealed that these MYB, BHLH, and WD40 proteins could i ...
... The anthocyanin pathway has been shown to be activated by similar MYB, BHLH, and WD40 proteins in a wide variety of species, indicating that this function is well conserved (reviewed in Winkel-Shirley, 2001; Koes et al., 2005). Several studies revealed that these MYB, BHLH, and WD40 proteins could i ...
::: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis - GSEA
... The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is used to determine whether two underlying one-dimensional probability distributions differ, or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution, in either case based on finite samples. The one-sample KS test compares the empirica ...
... The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is used to determine whether two underlying one-dimensional probability distributions differ, or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution, in either case based on finite samples. The one-sample KS test compares the empirica ...
Biochemistry of coenzyme B12‐dependent glycerol and diol
... enterica LT2. The known promoter sites are indicated with the letter `P', and the direction of transcription is indicated by the arrow. The pduGHJ genes have not yet been correlated to the physical map. ORFs 1^15 include homologs of the diol dehydratase reactivating protein (DdrA) of K. oxytoca, alc ...
... enterica LT2. The known promoter sites are indicated with the letter `P', and the direction of transcription is indicated by the arrow. The pduGHJ genes have not yet been correlated to the physical map. ORFs 1^15 include homologs of the diol dehydratase reactivating protein (DdrA) of K. oxytoca, alc ...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases - Micro-Rao
... a. Classical beta-lactamases: First instance of a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase was reported from an ampicillin resistant E. coli isolate obtained from urine specimen of a woman named Temoniera in Greece in 1965. This enzyme was designated as TEM-1. Within a decade this enzyme had spread to severa ...
... a. Classical beta-lactamases: First instance of a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase was reported from an ampicillin resistant E. coli isolate obtained from urine specimen of a woman named Temoniera in Greece in 1965. This enzyme was designated as TEM-1. Within a decade this enzyme had spread to severa ...
Chapter 2. Left in the Genes - SciTech Connect
... with only one R allele and, therefore, a weaker genetic tendency to display right-handedness. To account for the actual handedness patterns in families, geneticists argue that the handedness phenotype is not a direct expression of a genotype. Other factors affect the expression of the dominant R all ...
... with only one R allele and, therefore, a weaker genetic tendency to display right-handedness. To account for the actual handedness patterns in families, geneticists argue that the handedness phenotype is not a direct expression of a genotype. Other factors affect the expression of the dominant R all ...
mei-38 Is Required for Chromosome Segregation During Meiosis in
... 2001) and kinetochore proteins (ALD) (Gilliland et al. 2007) have been characterized that are critical for acentrosomal meiosis. Little is known about how these proteins interact with the motor proteins to generate a bipolar, acentrosomal spindle. Most of these proteins are also expressed and functi ...
... 2001) and kinetochore proteins (ALD) (Gilliland et al. 2007) have been characterized that are critical for acentrosomal meiosis. Little is known about how these proteins interact with the motor proteins to generate a bipolar, acentrosomal spindle. Most of these proteins are also expressed and functi ...
Product description P003-D1 MLH1-MSH2-v01 - MRC
... carrier status of copy number variation in the aforementioned genetic loci in at-risk populations. This assay is optimised for use with peripheral blood derived genomic DNA. Deletions or duplications obtained with the P003 MLH1/MSH2 probemix must be verified by another technique. In particular, copy ...
... carrier status of copy number variation in the aforementioned genetic loci in at-risk populations. This assay is optimised for use with peripheral blood derived genomic DNA. Deletions or duplications obtained with the P003 MLH1/MSH2 probemix must be verified by another technique. In particular, copy ...
wmgenes2 - Cucurbit Breeding
... they have dgdg genotype (Rhodes, 1986). The juvenile albino ja (Zhang et al., 1996b) gene causes reduced chlorophyll in seedling tissues, as well as leaf margins and fruit rind when plants are grown under short day conditions. The dominant gene Sp (Poole, 1944) causes round yellow spots to form on c ...
... they have dgdg genotype (Rhodes, 1986). The juvenile albino ja (Zhang et al., 1996b) gene causes reduced chlorophyll in seedling tissues, as well as leaf margins and fruit rind when plants are grown under short day conditions. The dominant gene Sp (Poole, 1944) causes round yellow spots to form on c ...
E20
... stages in the combined analysis over the two environments. The GE interaction variances accounted for 7.3 to 23.4% of the total genetic variances at different stages (data not shown). The average plant height of DH lines in Hangzhou was 8.2 to 29.0 cm greater than that in Hainan across different sta ...
... stages in the combined analysis over the two environments. The GE interaction variances accounted for 7.3 to 23.4% of the total genetic variances at different stages (data not shown). The average plant height of DH lines in Hangzhou was 8.2 to 29.0 cm greater than that in Hainan across different sta ...
article in press
... So, with genotype matrices under the interactive allele requirement, we have two mathematical functions that can operate on the entire set of alleles in an organism’s genotype and will act on two alleles if and only if they are interactive alleles. We should note, though, that this requirement means ...
... So, with genotype matrices under the interactive allele requirement, we have two mathematical functions that can operate on the entire set of alleles in an organism’s genotype and will act on two alleles if and only if they are interactive alleles. We should note, though, that this requirement means ...
Maintenance of genomic integrity by p53: complementary
... these signals and triggering a cascade of responses leading to either growth arrest or apoptosis. These mechanisms have been summarized in detail in several recent reviews (for example see Cox and Lane, 1995; Gottlieb and Oren, 1996; Ko and Prives, 1996; Levine, 1997; Bates and Vousden, 1999), thus ...
... these signals and triggering a cascade of responses leading to either growth arrest or apoptosis. These mechanisms have been summarized in detail in several recent reviews (for example see Cox and Lane, 1995; Gottlieb and Oren, 1996; Ko and Prives, 1996; Levine, 1997; Bates and Vousden, 1999), thus ...
BIO 402 - National Open University of Nigeria
... of separate pairs of genes seen by Mendel. This cytological basis for genetics theory is also often called the Sutton-Bovgeri theory of chromosomal inheritance. From then on cytology and genetics began to have strong effects on each other, and this is generally considered the birth of cytogenetics. ...
... of separate pairs of genes seen by Mendel. This cytological basis for genetics theory is also often called the Sutton-Bovgeri theory of chromosomal inheritance. From then on cytology and genetics began to have strong effects on each other, and this is generally considered the birth of cytogenetics. ...
Useful Information for Lay People
... Friedreich’s Ataxia is a genetically transmitted disorder: that is, the tendency to develop it is passed on to a child by the genes (the basic units of inheritance) transmitted to him/her by both parents. Both the mother and the father are involved in the transmission. Therefore they are both carrie ...
... Friedreich’s Ataxia is a genetically transmitted disorder: that is, the tendency to develop it is passed on to a child by the genes (the basic units of inheritance) transmitted to him/her by both parents. Both the mother and the father are involved in the transmission. Therefore they are both carrie ...
C3H/HeJ
... between APN, an in-house strain with low CYP1A2 expression, and C3H/HeJ, a laboratory strain expressing normal CYP1A2 levels, determined that this phenotype is mediated by three quantitative trait loci (QTL) localized to chromosomes 1, 4 and 9, as previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 9 co-loca ...
... between APN, an in-house strain with low CYP1A2 expression, and C3H/HeJ, a laboratory strain expressing normal CYP1A2 levels, determined that this phenotype is mediated by three quantitative trait loci (QTL) localized to chromosomes 1, 4 and 9, as previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 9 co-loca ...
Premature stop codons involved in muscular dystrophies
... Gene Therapy (2004) 11, 619–627. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302211 ...
... Gene Therapy (2004) 11, 619–627. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302211 ...
Computational Definition of
... sequence families comprising 2069 putative exonic enhancers and 974 putative exonic silencers. Representatives of each class indeed functioned as enhancers or silencers when inserted into a test exon and assayed in transfected mammalian cells. As a class, the enhancer sequencers were more prevalent ...
... sequence families comprising 2069 putative exonic enhancers and 974 putative exonic silencers. Representatives of each class indeed functioned as enhancers or silencers when inserted into a test exon and assayed in transfected mammalian cells. As a class, the enhancer sequencers were more prevalent ...
Polymorphic mimicry in Papilio dardanus: mosaic
... hippocoonides, called trimeni, which appears to be produced by modifier genes. Finally, the form lamborni from central ...
... hippocoonides, called trimeni, which appears to be produced by modifier genes. Finally, the form lamborni from central ...
Are Restriction Enzymes Recognition Sites Underrepresented in the
... The efficiency of restriction modification system II depends on the efficiency of both enzymes, the effective recognition of the host restriction site sequence and the foreign restriction site sequence by the methyltransferase enzyme and restriction enzymes, respectively. The net cellular concentrat ...
... The efficiency of restriction modification system II depends on the efficiency of both enzymes, the effective recognition of the host restriction site sequence and the foreign restriction site sequence by the methyltransferase enzyme and restriction enzymes, respectively. The net cellular concentrat ...
Gene
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gregor_Mendel.png?width=300)
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.