Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Regulation of Gene Expression in
... expression levels of 22,242 genes that were detected in both parents and at least 90% of the IBM RILs. The mean expression levels in the RILs were similar to the mid-parent values for most genes (Figure 1B). Transgressive segregation, defined here as at least 10% of RILs exhibiting expression levels ...
... expression levels of 22,242 genes that were detected in both parents and at least 90% of the IBM RILs. The mean expression levels in the RILs were similar to the mid-parent values for most genes (Figure 1B). Transgressive segregation, defined here as at least 10% of RILs exhibiting expression levels ...
RESEARCH ARTICLES Characterization of the Long
... selection among 31 amino acid properties in the three lineages of interest. TreeSAAP allows us to identify these property changes and classify them into categories on a gradient from conservative to radical change. Based on data set– specific nucleotide substitution patterns, a neutral model of expe ...
... selection among 31 amino acid properties in the three lineages of interest. TreeSAAP allows us to identify these property changes and classify them into categories on a gradient from conservative to radical change. Based on data set– specific nucleotide substitution patterns, a neutral model of expe ...
Minireview Alpha Satellite and the Quest for the Human Centromere
... the importance of centromeres to cell and organismal viability, there should be no room for gain or loss of centromere function. Then why would centromeres utilize epigenetic mechanisms of regulation? Perhaps because it is adaptive and advantageous during evolution. Epigenetic mechanisms could help ...
... the importance of centromeres to cell and organismal viability, there should be no room for gain or loss of centromere function. Then why would centromeres utilize epigenetic mechanisms of regulation? Perhaps because it is adaptive and advantageous during evolution. Epigenetic mechanisms could help ...
Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics What You’ll Learn
... that the ratio of homozygous dominant to heterozygous to homozygous recessive genotypes among their children would be 1:2:1. Of those genotypes possible for the members of generation II, only the homozygous recessive genotype will express the trait, which is the case for II-3. You can’t tell the ge ...
... that the ratio of homozygous dominant to heterozygous to homozygous recessive genotypes among their children would be 1:2:1. Of those genotypes possible for the members of generation II, only the homozygous recessive genotype will express the trait, which is the case for II-3. You can’t tell the ge ...
Facts about the mini-Tn7 transposon system as a tool for
... The delivery plasmids presented here are all pUC19 derivatives, which can replicate in E. coli and other Enterics, but for example not in Pseudomonas. The plasmids carry antibiotic resistance and other markers specified by the DNA located between Tn7L and Tn7R as well as resistance to ampicillin. In ...
... The delivery plasmids presented here are all pUC19 derivatives, which can replicate in E. coli and other Enterics, but for example not in Pseudomonas. The plasmids carry antibiotic resistance and other markers specified by the DNA located between Tn7L and Tn7R as well as resistance to ampicillin. In ...
Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Nonribosomal Peptide Penicillin in
... into the Nrp product15, 23. NRPS modules incorporate both the standard 20 amino acids, as well as hundreds of non-proteinogenic amino acids, including D-enantiomers24. Thus by combining different modules together it should be possible make chimeric NRPS enzymes that produce thousands of novel Nrp mo ...
... into the Nrp product15, 23. NRPS modules incorporate both the standard 20 amino acids, as well as hundreds of non-proteinogenic amino acids, including D-enantiomers24. Thus by combining different modules together it should be possible make chimeric NRPS enzymes that produce thousands of novel Nrp mo ...
CHARACTER CHANGES CAUSED BY MUTATION OF AN ENTIRE
... the region opposite to the deficient piece, similar to that which has been demonstrated in the case of the mutant genes. It is superfluous to regard the character notch as due to an independent specific mutant gene contained in or linked to the deficient region. It would seem probable that many norm ...
... the region opposite to the deficient piece, similar to that which has been demonstrated in the case of the mutant genes. It is superfluous to regard the character notch as due to an independent specific mutant gene contained in or linked to the deficient region. It would seem probable that many norm ...
Genome-Wide Identification of Allelic Expression in Hypertensive
... crosses between SHR-A3 and SHR/N and between SHR-A3 and SHR-C.9 –11 In each case, blood pressure was measured by tail cuff, a method no longer recommended in the present context12 that can contribute to relatively large within group variances that reduce statistical power and can lead to type II err ...
... crosses between SHR-A3 and SHR/N and between SHR-A3 and SHR-C.9 –11 In each case, blood pressure was measured by tail cuff, a method no longer recommended in the present context12 that can contribute to relatively large within group variances that reduce statistical power and can lead to type II err ...
Genes for control of form and
... 2006; Berleth et al., 2007; DeSmet & Jurgens, 2007; Kerr & Bennett, 2007). Below we summarize the genes that are strong modifiers of plant form and shape. Polar auxin transport Because auxin acts in a concentrationdependent manner and auxin gradients serve as positional signals, plants have develope ...
... 2006; Berleth et al., 2007; DeSmet & Jurgens, 2007; Kerr & Bennett, 2007). Below we summarize the genes that are strong modifiers of plant form and shape. Polar auxin transport Because auxin acts in a concentrationdependent manner and auxin gradients serve as positional signals, plants have develope ...
Mary Ann Osley*, Alastair Fleming, and Cheng
... specificity with respect their targets. Moreover, multiple Ubps may act on a single target. For example, as discussed below (II.2.2), at least two different Ubps catalyze removal of ubiquitin from yeast H2B. This duplication of effort appears to target ub-H2B in different regions of chromatin for de ...
... specificity with respect their targets. Moreover, multiple Ubps may act on a single target. For example, as discussed below (II.2.2), at least two different Ubps catalyze removal of ubiquitin from yeast H2B. This duplication of effort appears to target ub-H2B in different regions of chromatin for de ...
Biological asymmetry and evolution
... Asymmetry in biology in three stories Introduction: symmetry and asymmetry from molecules to organisms ...
... Asymmetry in biology in three stories Introduction: symmetry and asymmetry from molecules to organisms ...
What Size Are Your Genes?
... Size Determination of Dyes (“Genes”) After all the points have been plotted, use a ruler or a straight edge to draw the best straight line possible through the points. The line should have approximately equal numbers of points scattered on each side of the line. It is okay if the line runs through s ...
... Size Determination of Dyes (“Genes”) After all the points have been plotted, use a ruler or a straight edge to draw the best straight line possible through the points. The line should have approximately equal numbers of points scattered on each side of the line. It is okay if the line runs through s ...
Molecular Design of Expression Systems
... and product protein, respectively. To minimize the number of different parameters in these calculations, it has been assumed that the transcription rate constant (k,"), the translation rate constant (k,"),the mRNA decay rate constant (kd),and the protein decay rate constant (k,) are the same for the ...
... and product protein, respectively. To minimize the number of different parameters in these calculations, it has been assumed that the transcription rate constant (k,"), the translation rate constant (k,"),the mRNA decay rate constant (kd),and the protein decay rate constant (k,) are the same for the ...
guidelines for usage of the vetgen dna marker
... the different JRD2 alleles also. This will allow greater flexibility for different mating combinations and ensuring we do not produce affected offspring. Recommendations 1) Test all individuals possible, especially in affected families. If a comprehensive testing of the SCWT population occurs, we ca ...
... the different JRD2 alleles also. This will allow greater flexibility for different mating combinations and ensuring we do not produce affected offspring. Recommendations 1) Test all individuals possible, especially in affected families. If a comprehensive testing of the SCWT population occurs, we ca ...
Application of a Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method to
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
Exploring Tomato Gene Functions Based on Coexpression Modules
... (Fukushima et al., 2009; Stitt et al., 2010). Large-scale data from genome-wide gene expression profiling with DNA microarrays are publicly available for many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa (rice), poplar, and some crops (Ogata et al., 2010; Tohge and Fernie, 2010). These data ...
... (Fukushima et al., 2009; Stitt et al., 2010). Large-scale data from genome-wide gene expression profiling with DNA microarrays are publicly available for many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa (rice), poplar, and some crops (Ogata et al., 2010; Tohge and Fernie, 2010). These data ...
Opposite deletions/duplications of the X chromosome: two
... factor VIII, of the IDS gene and of the FLN1/emerin region, all resulting from misalignment of inverted repeats, and double recombination. Most of these inversions are of paternal origin possibly because the X chromosome at male meiosis is free to refold into itself for most of its length. We report ...
... factor VIII, of the IDS gene and of the FLN1/emerin region, all resulting from misalignment of inverted repeats, and double recombination. Most of these inversions are of paternal origin possibly because the X chromosome at male meiosis is free to refold into itself for most of its length. We report ...
Ligation mediated PCR performed at low denaturation temperatures
... Melting temperatures of genomic DNA fragments obtained by digestion of restriction nuclease depends on their GC content and length. It is known that intervals of temperatures corresponding to the full transition from double- to singlestranded structure for a restriction DNA fragment may vary from ~0 ...
... Melting temperatures of genomic DNA fragments obtained by digestion of restriction nuclease depends on their GC content and length. It is known that intervals of temperatures corresponding to the full transition from double- to singlestranded structure for a restriction DNA fragment may vary from ~0 ...
Germline Selection: Population Genetic Aspects of the
... arguments as to theirevolution and maintenance remain unresolved. Sexual reproduction occurs when individuals inherit genes from two parents resulting in theproduction of new combinationsof alleles. Individuals fortunateenoughtoinherit favorable combinations will flourish, leave numerous offspring, ...
... arguments as to theirevolution and maintenance remain unresolved. Sexual reproduction occurs when individuals inherit genes from two parents resulting in theproduction of new combinationsof alleles. Individuals fortunateenoughtoinherit favorable combinations will flourish, leave numerous offspring, ...
Chapter 14: MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA
... The dominant allele is the one that is expressed (it exerts its phenotypic effect) in a heterozygote. It is identified with a uppercase (capital) letter, usually the first letter of the trait. Recessive Allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote; its expression is masked by ...
... The dominant allele is the one that is expressed (it exerts its phenotypic effect) in a heterozygote. It is identified with a uppercase (capital) letter, usually the first letter of the trait. Recessive Allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote; its expression is masked by ...
Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens
... selects for sex, but only if the fluctuations are rapid (Barton, 1995; Gandon and Otto, 2007). Data from pathogens bearing on the host–parasite model will be discussed below. Because of these and other problems with the negative epistasis model, some workers in this area favor selection and chance e ...
... selects for sex, but only if the fluctuations are rapid (Barton, 1995; Gandon and Otto, 2007). Data from pathogens bearing on the host–parasite model will be discussed below. Because of these and other problems with the negative epistasis model, some workers in this area favor selection and chance e ...
The chromatin remodelling factor Brg1 interacts with catenin to
... presence of binding sites for essential transcriptional coactivators such as p300/CBP (Hecht et al., 2000; Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP is known to function as a transcriptional coactivator by connecting a variety of transcription factors to the basal transcription machinery and may alter local chr ...
... presence of binding sites for essential transcriptional coactivators such as p300/CBP (Hecht et al., 2000; Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP is known to function as a transcriptional coactivator by connecting a variety of transcription factors to the basal transcription machinery and may alter local chr ...
Gene Section ETV6 (ets variant 6) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Two different mechanisms for generating the fusion gene. First mechanism: in-frame chimeric transcript consisting of the first two exons of ETV6 fused to MDS1 sequences, which in turn is fused to the second exon of the EVI1 gene. Second mechanism: direct fusion between ETV6 and EVI1, in which case a ...
... Two different mechanisms for generating the fusion gene. First mechanism: in-frame chimeric transcript consisting of the first two exons of ETV6 fused to MDS1 sequences, which in turn is fused to the second exon of the EVI1 gene. Second mechanism: direct fusion between ETV6 and EVI1, in which case a ...
Genome-Wide Identification of Allelic Expression in Hypertensive Rats
... of sequence variation between SHR-A3 and WKY. Among the 36 genes and ESTs surveyed, 21 have been found to be polymorphic between SHR-A3 and WKY. Genotyping assays were developed and used to determine which of these 21 genes share the same allele in all SHR lines (SHR-A3, -B2, -C, and SHR/N), but con ...
... of sequence variation between SHR-A3 and WKY. Among the 36 genes and ESTs surveyed, 21 have been found to be polymorphic between SHR-A3 and WKY. Genotyping assays were developed and used to determine which of these 21 genes share the same allele in all SHR lines (SHR-A3, -B2, -C, and SHR/N), but con ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.