Net capital flows and real exchange rate depreciation effects on the business cycle in emerging market:
... measure the rate between the domestic currency and the foreign currencies in which EMs tend to have denominated their foreign liabilities. Thus, an advantage of using this index is precisely its focus on the real exchange rate between borrowers and lenders, which has been the centre of discussion in ...
... measure the rate between the domestic currency and the foreign currencies in which EMs tend to have denominated their foreign liabilities. Thus, an advantage of using this index is precisely its focus on the real exchange rate between borrowers and lenders, which has been the centre of discussion in ...
The De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes in East Asia over 2003
... and smoothing the real economy in the short run in the developing countries in the post-Bretton Woods period based on a sample of 74 countries. Subsequent research attempted to extend to a wide coverage of countries. Levy-Yeyatiand and Sturzenegger (2003) investigated the association between exchang ...
... and smoothing the real economy in the short run in the developing countries in the post-Bretton Woods period based on a sample of 74 countries. Subsequent research attempted to extend to a wide coverage of countries. Levy-Yeyatiand and Sturzenegger (2003) investigated the association between exchang ...
Will the Renminbi replace the US Dollar as the world currency?
... Besides comparing the Chinese Renminbi with the transition of Sterling to Dollar, another inclination towards Renminbi as a reserve currency is the Chinese internationalization policies. This will further help the Renminbi to become the trade & settlement currency, a financial transaction currency ...
... Besides comparing the Chinese Renminbi with the transition of Sterling to Dollar, another inclination towards Renminbi as a reserve currency is the Chinese internationalization policies. This will further help the Renminbi to become the trade & settlement currency, a financial transaction currency ...
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... 13th century with the advent of fishing on a larger scale. During the 12th century the price of fish in Europe had started to increase and fishing became a major occupation on the island after 1400, although it was not the sole occupation of anyone.10 The take-off of the Icelandic economy can also b ...
... 13th century with the advent of fishing on a larger scale. During the 12th century the price of fish in Europe had started to increase and fishing became a major occupation on the island after 1400, although it was not the sole occupation of anyone.10 The take-off of the Icelandic economy can also b ...
Statutory Issue Paper No. 81 Foreign Currency Transactions and
... translation at the exchange rates at the dates the numerous revenues, expenses, gains, losses and surplus adjustments are recognized is generally impractical, an appropriately weighted average exchange rate for the period may be used to translate those elements. Gains or losses due to translating fo ...
... translation at the exchange rates at the dates the numerous revenues, expenses, gains, losses and surplus adjustments are recognized is generally impractical, an appropriately weighted average exchange rate for the period may be used to translate those elements. Gains or losses due to translating fo ...
CURRENCY COMPETITION BETWEEN EURO AND US DOLLAR Li
... determinants of the real euro-dollar exchange rate: the international real interest differentials, relative prices in the traded and non-traded goods sectors, the real oil price and the relative fiscal position. From 2001 on, many economists designed various kinds of models to analyse the determinan ...
... determinants of the real euro-dollar exchange rate: the international real interest differentials, relative prices in the traded and non-traded goods sectors, the real oil price and the relative fiscal position. From 2001 on, many economists designed various kinds of models to analyse the determinan ...
View/Open
... Currency exchange rates can play an important role in agricultural markets. In the United States, the relative strength of the U.S. dollar against currencies of other countries can have important impacts on prices for U.S. agricultural commodities. For example, when the U.S. dollar appreciates (that ...
... Currency exchange rates can play an important role in agricultural markets. In the United States, the relative strength of the U.S. dollar against currencies of other countries can have important impacts on prices for U.S. agricultural commodities. For example, when the U.S. dollar appreciates (that ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON MONETARY POLICY Mark Gertler
... sharp contraction in inflation however. By the first quarter of 1999, inflation had fallen to half percent, well below its pre-crisis level. Figure 3 plots the foreign sector of the Korean economy. The forty percent decline in the real exchange rate led to a fifteen percent increase in the ratio of ...
... sharp contraction in inflation however. By the first quarter of 1999, inflation had fallen to half percent, well below its pre-crisis level. Figure 3 plots the foreign sector of the Korean economy. The forty percent decline in the real exchange rate led to a fifteen percent increase in the ratio of ...
Monetary Policy in the Post-Crisis Period A. Hakan Kara
... • Changes in the auction methods according to liquidity conditions Adjustments in the FX liquidity provision facilities Changes in the export rediscount credit facilities ...
... • Changes in the auction methods according to liquidity conditions Adjustments in the FX liquidity provision facilities Changes in the export rediscount credit facilities ...
The Swiss Experiment: From the Lower Bound to Flexible Exchange Rates
... turnover and profits. To understand the importance of such measures, one has to realize that the greatest part of Swiss exports is going to countries in the eurozone. At the moment it is very difficult to estimate the damage to be expected for the real Swiss economy and unemployment. Recently the In ...
... turnover and profits. To understand the importance of such measures, one has to realize that the greatest part of Swiss exports is going to countries in the eurozone. At the moment it is very difficult to estimate the damage to be expected for the real Swiss economy and unemployment. Recently the In ...
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... when in excess of specified threshold amounts in Fiji dollars. But, most of the transaction limits were rarely reached; and virtually all transactions were approved and processed within three days. As IMF (2004) noted in their more recent consultations with RBF under Article IV of the IMF Charter, m ...
... when in excess of specified threshold amounts in Fiji dollars. But, most of the transaction limits were rarely reached; and virtually all transactions were approved and processed within three days. As IMF (2004) noted in their more recent consultations with RBF under Article IV of the IMF Charter, m ...
Currency Manipulation, the US Economy
... sionary potential. Hence the United States must eliminate or at least sharply reduce its large trade deficit to accelerate growth and restore full employment. The way to do so, at no cost to the US budget, is to insist that other countries stop manipulating their currencies and permit the dollar to ...
... sionary potential. Hence the United States must eliminate or at least sharply reduce its large trade deficit to accelerate growth and restore full employment. The way to do so, at no cost to the US budget, is to insist that other countries stop manipulating their currencies and permit the dollar to ...
Introductory Remarks Lamberto Dini*
... resulting from the movements of interest rates and their effects on demand and supply conditions in the goods and labor markets. Moreover, monetary restraint pursued hand-in-hand with expansionary fiscal policies for long periods has clearly revealed the interdependence between these two instruments ...
... resulting from the movements of interest rates and their effects on demand and supply conditions in the goods and labor markets. Moreover, monetary restraint pursued hand-in-hand with expansionary fiscal policies for long periods has clearly revealed the interdependence between these two instruments ...
Currency Substitution, Unofficial Dollarization and Estimates of
... currency confiscations. When de facto dollarization or euroization is widespread, the effective money supply is much larger than the domestic money supply and is, moreover, less easily controlled by the monetary authority because of the public’s propensity to substitute foreign for domestic currency ...
... currency confiscations. When de facto dollarization or euroization is widespread, the effective money supply is much larger than the domestic money supply and is, moreover, less easily controlled by the monetary authority because of the public’s propensity to substitute foreign for domestic currency ...
How does the Exchange Rate React to a Cost-Push
... Equation (2) is an IS relationship for a small open economy and describes aggregate demand as a function of the real interest rate, the real exchange rate and of demand in the previous period. In addition, ε is a demand shock - that is a shock in demand in excess of that which is ascribable to the r ...
... Equation (2) is an IS relationship for a small open economy and describes aggregate demand as a function of the real interest rate, the real exchange rate and of demand in the previous period. In addition, ε is a demand shock - that is a shock in demand in excess of that which is ascribable to the r ...
A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy
... Capital Flight from Mexico The increase in NCO causes an increase in the supply of pesos in the foreign exchange ...
... Capital Flight from Mexico The increase in NCO causes an increase in the supply of pesos in the foreign exchange ...
Market Update - Lazard Asset Management
... much of the rest of the world; exacerbating weakness in commodities, tightening liquidity in many emerging markets, and amplifying the strains on China’s de facto US dollar peg. In our view, the change in the US dollar trajectory has been driven by three factors. First, the Fed has become more sensi ...
... much of the rest of the world; exacerbating weakness in commodities, tightening liquidity in many emerging markets, and amplifying the strains on China’s de facto US dollar peg. In our view, the change in the US dollar trajectory has been driven by three factors. First, the Fed has become more sensi ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... The Monetary Theory The monetary theory of exchange rate determination is one of the most recent. It is indeed a very popular model that has generated a lively debate in International Economics and Finance. The theory is last in the well-known tradition of the monetarists or the monetarist school, w ...
... The Monetary Theory The monetary theory of exchange rate determination is one of the most recent. It is indeed a very popular model that has generated a lively debate in International Economics and Finance. The theory is last in the well-known tradition of the monetarists or the monetarist school, w ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE
... In Malaysia, the economic conditions were influenced by the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. The instability of international financial markets had overflow inside the domestic financial markets. After amendment in stock market and currency, the decrement of export and domestic demand had turned Mal ...
... In Malaysia, the economic conditions were influenced by the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. The instability of international financial markets had overflow inside the domestic financial markets. After amendment in stock market and currency, the decrement of export and domestic demand had turned Mal ...
Outlook for China`s Onshore Market
... ¾ In the middle of December, ECB Governor Mario Draghi made an unexpectedly dovish remark after the ECB Committee meeting. As a result, the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate fell even further. The Chinese yuan then depreciated against the U.S. dollar as well to 6.96 level. Thereafter, the number of mar ...
... ¾ In the middle of December, ECB Governor Mario Draghi made an unexpectedly dovish remark after the ECB Committee meeting. As a result, the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate fell even further. The Chinese yuan then depreciated against the U.S. dollar as well to 6.96 level. Thereafter, the number of mar ...
Working Paper 12-15: Choice and Coercion in East Asian Exchange
... The exchange rate policies of East Asian states have far-reaching ramifications for international relations within the region, for their relations outside the region, and for the structure of the world economy. Many Asian states have somewhat famously kept their currencies competitively valued throu ...
... The exchange rate policies of East Asian states have far-reaching ramifications for international relations within the region, for their relations outside the region, and for the structure of the world economy. Many Asian states have somewhat famously kept their currencies competitively valued throu ...