ClubMed? Cyclical fluctuations in the Mediterranean Basin
... The nature and the transmission properties of business cycles have dramatically changed since the early 1980s. On the one hand, emerging market economies now play an important role in shaping world business cycles, previously determined by a handful of developed countries. On the other, trade and …n ...
... The nature and the transmission properties of business cycles have dramatically changed since the early 1980s. On the one hand, emerging market economies now play an important role in shaping world business cycles, previously determined by a handful of developed countries. On the other, trade and …n ...
III – Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might
... Urban area Source: Population Division of the population Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision; extrapolated from 2007 to 2008 using 2005 – 2010 average annual ...
... Urban area Source: Population Division of the population Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision; extrapolated from 2007 to 2008 using 2005 – 2010 average annual ...
Fiscal policies in Spain: main stylised facts
... no need to establish the amount and time of recording to a particular annual reference period), but do pose problems for the compiler of quarterly data, that needs to attribute revenue and expenditure not merely to a reference year but also to quarters within that year. ...
... no need to establish the amount and time of recording to a particular annual reference period), but do pose problems for the compiler of quarterly data, that needs to attribute revenue and expenditure not merely to a reference year but also to quarters within that year. ...
Five Questions about Business Cycles Francis X. Diebold Glenn D. Rudebusch *
... To test for duration stabilization, Diebold and Rudebusch (1991a, 1992) examine whether the distributions of expansions and contractions have shifted from the prewar period to the postwar period. The null hypothesis is that there has been no shift in these distributions, that is, no postwar stabiliz ...
... To test for duration stabilization, Diebold and Rudebusch (1991a, 1992) examine whether the distributions of expansions and contractions have shifted from the prewar period to the postwar period. The null hypothesis is that there has been no shift in these distributions, that is, no postwar stabiliz ...
Wage-led growth in the EU15 Member States: the effects of income
... integrating national and cross country multiplier effects is another novelty of this paper. Third, we present a wage-led recovery scenario, and discuss whether coordinated wage policies can promote higher growth with a more equitable income distribution, and present a feasible alternative to the cu ...
... integrating national and cross country multiplier effects is another novelty of this paper. Third, we present a wage-led recovery scenario, and discuss whether coordinated wage policies can promote higher growth with a more equitable income distribution, and present a feasible alternative to the cu ...
Population^ money supply^ and the velocity of circulation in England^
... unbroken to the present day. This material has been the subject of serious study for over a century, and although recent scholarship has refined and improved our knowledge, the broad outlines of the picture have long been clear. At its simplest, the price history of the four or five centuries before ...
... unbroken to the present day. This material has been the subject of serious study for over a century, and although recent scholarship has refined and improved our knowledge, the broad outlines of the picture have long been clear. At its simplest, the price history of the four or five centuries before ...
Linking dynamic economic and ecological general equilibrium models
... welfare consequences of alternative pollock fishery quotas that are set to restore sea lion populations. Including a renewable resource in CGE is novel and requires significant modifications to standard renewable resource models. That economies are general equilibrium in nature is not a sufficient r ...
... welfare consequences of alternative pollock fishery quotas that are set to restore sea lion populations. Including a renewable resource in CGE is novel and requires significant modifications to standard renewable resource models. That economies are general equilibrium in nature is not a sufficient r ...
Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee June 17–18, 2014
... the mining sector expanded and more than offset a further decline in the output of utilities from the elevated levels recorded during the unusually cold winter months. As a result, the rate of industrial capacity utilization rose in recent months. Automakers’ schedules indicated that the pace of lig ...
... the mining sector expanded and more than offset a further decline in the output of utilities from the elevated levels recorded during the unusually cold winter months. As a result, the rate of industrial capacity utilization rose in recent months. Automakers’ schedules indicated that the pace of lig ...
Interest groups and investment: A further test of the Olson hypothesis
... are trade unions, industry associations and the like, while the latter are religious, cultural and youth oriented. Olson groups are expected to exert a drag on economic performance whereas Putnam groups are expected to enhance economic performance. They find that Olson group membership is not statis ...
... are trade unions, industry associations and the like, while the latter are religious, cultural and youth oriented. Olson groups are expected to exert a drag on economic performance whereas Putnam groups are expected to enhance economic performance. They find that Olson group membership is not statis ...
Should Transportation Spending be included in a Stimulus Program?
... anticipate the forthcoming construction activity and possible productivity gains – rather than at the time of the outlays. Unfortunately, most papers in the literature on infrastructure spending are subject to this criticism. The empirical estimates in the literature naturally depend on the time per ...
... anticipate the forthcoming construction activity and possible productivity gains – rather than at the time of the outlays. Unfortunately, most papers in the literature on infrastructure spending are subject to this criticism. The empirical estimates in the literature naturally depend on the time per ...
E G conomic Statistics in uam
... being designed ▪ Statistical law protects confidentiality and independence of statistical information ▪ Decentralized statistical system ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ No plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination o ...
... being designed ▪ Statistical law protects confidentiality and independence of statistical information ▪ Decentralized statistical system ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ No plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination o ...
A delicate equilibrium: IHS Jane`s annual defence spending review
... Despite the initiation of operations against IS, overall the US defence budget - the only budget of a scale capable of dictating global trends - has declined from its fiscal year 2010 (FY 2010) peak of USD743.3 billion. This is primarily due to the steep decline in Overseas Contingency Operations (O ...
... Despite the initiation of operations against IS, overall the US defence budget - the only budget of a scale capable of dictating global trends - has declined from its fiscal year 2010 (FY 2010) peak of USD743.3 billion. This is primarily due to the steep decline in Overseas Contingency Operations (O ...
Monetary Policy Regimes and Beliefs
... For many industrialized countries, monetary policy has, from time to time, switched between high and low inflation regimes. These regimes seem to be associated with higher and lower rates of money growth, respectively. There is a liquidity effect associated with changes in regime. For example, follo ...
... For many industrialized countries, monetary policy has, from time to time, switched between high and low inflation regimes. These regimes seem to be associated with higher and lower rates of money growth, respectively. There is a liquidity effect associated with changes in regime. For example, follo ...
Chapter 5
... • Describe the long-term trends and shortterms fluctuations in economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and government and international deficits ...
... • Describe the long-term trends and shortterms fluctuations in economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and government and international deficits ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SEPARATING THE BUSINESS CYCLE FROM OTHER ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS
... Much of that volatility, in fact, appears to come from the neoclassical mechanisms embodied in the RBC model and not from the transitory departures from neoclassical equilibrium that might be called the business cycle. Another branch, particularly active in the past few years, builds a coherent view ...
... Much of that volatility, in fact, appears to come from the neoclassical mechanisms embodied in the RBC model and not from the transitory departures from neoclassical equilibrium that might be called the business cycle. Another branch, particularly active in the past few years, builds a coherent view ...
US Monetary Policy During the 1990s
... holdings and away from more productive uses. (2) Inflation induces firms to incur more "menu costs"--the costs associated with changing prices and distributing the new prices to salesmen and customers. (3) Because price adjustment is staggered, inflation induces spurious volatility in the prices of ...
... holdings and away from more productive uses. (2) Inflation induces firms to incur more "menu costs"--the costs associated with changing prices and distributing the new prices to salesmen and customers. (3) Because price adjustment is staggered, inflation induces spurious volatility in the prices of ...
South African Futures 2035 Can Bafana Bafana still score? Summary
... Bafana’. A number of characteristics of the ‘Nation Divided’ scenario are also evident. Most ominous is the possibility that the country could have its international credit rating reduced from investment grade to junk status with a debilitating impact on growth prospects. Modern economies cannot suc ...
... Bafana’. A number of characteristics of the ‘Nation Divided’ scenario are also evident. Most ominous is the possibility that the country could have its international credit rating reduced from investment grade to junk status with a debilitating impact on growth prospects. Modern economies cannot suc ...
The Influence of IMF Programs on the Re
... yet governments that enter into programs appear to win elections. If entering an IMF program hurts electoral prospects, why do governments that enter into programs win re-election? If IMF programs increase the chances of re-election, why do so few countries participate in them before elections? My a ...
... yet governments that enter into programs appear to win elections. If entering an IMF program hurts electoral prospects, why do governments that enter into programs win re-election? If IMF programs increase the chances of re-election, why do so few countries participate in them before elections? My a ...
The Macroeconomics of Job
... and increases in social infrastructure investment and a relaxed budget constraint may improve both national income and distribution. Second, wages play an important role in characterising the low social infrastructure investment trap and providing the government with policy alternatives. A low wage ...
... and increases in social infrastructure investment and a relaxed budget constraint may improve both national income and distribution. Second, wages play an important role in characterising the low social infrastructure investment trap and providing the government with policy alternatives. A low wage ...
China`s Labor Market in the “New Normal”
... ½‒¾ percentage point, but facilitate structural transition—such as urbanization and services sector expansion—to more sustainable growth and job creation in the medium term. ...
... ½‒¾ percentage point, but facilitate structural transition—such as urbanization and services sector expansion—to more sustainable growth and job creation in the medium term. ...
PolicyAnalysis E The Dead Hand of Socialism State Ownership in the Arab World
... of the total investment in countries such as Egypt and Libya.1 Some of the MENA countries privatized large parts of their economies in the 1990s and 2000s. These include, most notably, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt. Others, like Lebanon, have not had a significant legacy of largescale governme ...
... of the total investment in countries such as Egypt and Libya.1 Some of the MENA countries privatized large parts of their economies in the 1990s and 2000s. These include, most notably, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt. Others, like Lebanon, have not had a significant legacy of largescale governme ...
course objectives - Master of Public Administration
... well you answer questions about assigned readings (I will call on specific students to answer such questions), and on how well you apply insights from the readings to class discussions and case analyses. 3. Case studies: Students must give special attention to assigned case studies and be prepared t ...
... well you answer questions about assigned readings (I will call on specific students to answer such questions), and on how well you apply insights from the readings to class discussions and case analyses. 3. Case studies: Students must give special attention to assigned case studies and be prepared t ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Rational Expectations and Economic Policy
... data, M I and M2 growth rates from 1973:IV to 1974:II were 5.9% and 8 . 5 % , respective1y.l The monthly average federal funds rate was pushed from 8.97% in February 1974 to 12.92% in July 1974. While the change in the federal funds rate was large, and the July 1974 peak was historically high, the M ...
... data, M I and M2 growth rates from 1973:IV to 1974:II were 5.9% and 8 . 5 % , respective1y.l The monthly average federal funds rate was pushed from 8.97% in February 1974 to 12.92% in July 1974. While the change in the federal funds rate was large, and the July 1974 peak was historically high, the M ...
Military Keynesianism in the Third World: An
... economy enable Third World arms producers to minimize most of the adverse impacts on the economy often associated with increased military burdens. The mechanism through which this process occurs, however, appears to worsen overall income distribution through the shifting of resources from wage goods ...
... economy enable Third World arms producers to minimize most of the adverse impacts on the economy often associated with increased military burdens. The mechanism through which this process occurs, however, appears to worsen overall income distribution through the shifting of resources from wage goods ...
M o n e t a r y ... Contents 1 November 2002
... show no change in short-term interest rates over the period ahead – reflecting our sense that the risks for the future direction of the OCR are evenly balanced. The new Policy Targets Agreement directs the Bank to target future CPI inflation outcomes of 1 to 3 per cent on average over the medium ter ...
... show no change in short-term interest rates over the period ahead – reflecting our sense that the risks for the future direction of the OCR are evenly balanced. The new Policy Targets Agreement directs the Bank to target future CPI inflation outcomes of 1 to 3 per cent on average over the medium ter ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).